[Footnote 16:  So the name is written by Sintenis, who writes it Paccianus in the Life of Sertorius, c. 9.  Some editions read Paciacus; but the termination in Paciacus is hardly Roman, and the termination in Pacianus is common.  But the form Paciacus is adopted by Drumann, where he is speaking of L. Junius Paciacus (Geshichte Roms, iv. p. 52).

Drumann observes that the flight of Crassus to Spain must have taken place B.C. 85, for he remained eight months in Spain and returned to Rome on the news of Cinna’s death, B.C. 84.]

[Footnote 17:  The MSS. have [Greek:  auran], ‘breeze,’ which Coraes ingeniously corrected to [Greek:  laupan], ‘path,’ which is undoubtedly right.]

[Footnote 18:  If Fenestella died in A.D. 19 at the age of seventy, as it is said, he would be born in B.C. 51, and he might have had this story from the old woman. (Clinton, Fasti, A.D. 14.) See Life of Sulla, c. 28.]

[Footnote 19:  Malaca, which still retains its name Malaga, was an old Phoenician settlement on the south coast of Spain.  Much fish was salted and cured there; but I know not on what ground Kaltwasser concludes that the word ‘Malach’ means Salt.  It is sometimes asserted that the name is from the Aramaic word Malek, ‘King;’ but W. Humboldt (Pruefung der Untersuchungen ueber die Urbewohner Hispaniens) says that it is a Basque word.]

[Footnote 20:  The son of Metellus Numidicus.  See the Lives of Marius and Sertorius.  Sulla lauded in Italy B.C. 83.  See the Life of Sulla, c. 27.]

[Footnote 21:  This is the town which the Romans called Tuder.  It was situated in Umbria on a hill near the Tiber, and is represented by the modern Todi.]

[Footnote 22:  See the Life of Sulla, c. 29.]

[Footnote 23:  There is nothing peculiar in this.  It is common enough for a man to blame in others the faults that he has himself.]

[Footnote 24:  See the Life of Caesar, c. 1. 2. and 11.]

[Footnote 25:  M. Porcius Cato, whose Life Plutarch has written.]

[Footnote 26:  Cn.  Sicinius was Tribunus Plebis B.C. 76.  He is mentioned by Cicero (Brutus, c. 60) as a man who had no other oratorical qualification except that of making people laugh.  The Roman proverb to which Plutarch alludes occurs in Horatius, 1 Sat. 4. 34:—­

     “Foenum habet in cornu, longe fuge.”

]

[Footnote 27:  The insurrection of the gladiators commenced B.C. 73, in the consulship of M. Terentius Varo Lucullus, the brother of Lucius Lucullus, and of C. Cassius Longinus Verus.  The names of two other leaders, Crixus and Oenomaus, are recorded by Floras (iii. 20) and by Appian (Civil Wars, i. 116).  The devastation caused by these marauders was long remembered.  The allusion of Horatius (Carm. ii. 14) to their drinking all the wine that they could find,is characteristic.]

[Footnote 28:  This Clodius is called Appius CloDius Glaber by Florus (iii. 20).  Compare the account of Appian (i. 116).  Spartacus commenced the campaign by flying to Mount Vesuvius, which was the scene of the stratagem that is told in this chapter (Frontinus, Stratagem, i. 5) Drumann (Geschichte Roms, iv. 74.  M. Licinius Crassus, N. 37) has given a sketch of the campaign with Spartacus.]