[Footnote 9:  This may hardly be a correct translation of [Greek:  argurognomonas] but it is something like the meaning.]

[Footnote 10:  King Archidamus of Sparta, the second of the name, who commanded the Peloponnesian war, B.C. 431.  Plutarch (Life of Demosthenes, c. 17) puts this saying in the mouth of one Krobylus, a demagogue.]

[Footnote 11:  Cicero (Brutus, c. 66) speaks of the oratory of Crassus, and commends his care and diligence; but he speaks of his natural parts as not striking.  Crassus spoke on the same side as Cicero in the defence of Murena, of Caelius, and of Balbus (Meyer, Orator.  Roman.  Fragmenta, p. 382).]

[Footnote 12:  A Roman who aspired to the highest offices of the State, prepared his way by the magnificence of his public entertainments during his curule aedileship, and by his affable manners.  An humble individual is always gratified when a great man addresses him by name, and a shake of the hand secures his devotion.  Ovidius (Ars Amat. ii. 253) alludes to this way of winning popular favour, and judiciously observes that it costs nothing, which would certainly recommend it to Crassus.  If a man’s memory was not so good as that of Crassus, he had only to buy a slave, as Horatius (1 Epist. i. 50) recommends, who could tell him the name of every man whom he met.  Such a slave was called Nomenclator.  If the nomenclator’s memory ever failed him, he would not let his master know it:  he gave a person any name that came into his head.]

[Footnote 13:  The Greek is [Greek:  stegastrou], ’something that covers;’ but whether cloak or hat, or covered couch, or sedan, the learned have not yet determined.]

[Footnote 14:  These words may not be Plutarch’s, and several critics have marked them as spurious.  The Peripatetics, of whom Alexander was one, did not consider wealth as one of the things that are indifferent to a philosopher; the Stoics did.]

[Footnote 15:  This is Plutarch’s word; but the father of Crassus was Proconsul in Spain.  When Cinna and Marius returned to Rome, B.C. 87, Crassus and his sons were proscribed.  Crassus and one of his sons lost their lives:  the circumstances are stated somewhat differently by different writers. (Florius, iii. 21; Appian, Civil Wars, i. 72.)

Drumann correctly remarks that Plutarch and other Greek writers often use the word [Greek:  strategos] simply to signify one who has command, and that [Greek:  strategos] is incorrectly rendered ‘Praetor’ by those who write in Latin, when they make use of the Greek historians of Rome.  But Plutarch’s [Greek:  strategos] sometimes means praetor, and it is the word by which he denotes that office; he probably does sometimes mean to say ‘praetor,’ when the man of whom he speaks was not praetor.  Whether [Greek:  strategos] in Plutarch is always translated praetor or always Commander, there will be error.  To translate it correctly in all cases, a man must know whether the person spoken of was praetor or not; and that cannot always be ascertained.  But besides this, the word ‘Commander’ will not do, for Plutarch sometimes calls a Proconsul [Greek:  strategos], and a Proconsul had not merely a command:  he had a government also.]