[Footnote 640:  Plutarch speaks as if Leonnatus had effected his junction with Antipater before the action was fought.  But the real truth was that Leonnatus advanced to raise the siege of Lamia, and that Antiphilus, who was not strong enough to continue the blockade and fight the relieving force, raised the blockade and moved by rapid marches to attack Leonnatus apart from Antipater.  Through the superior efficiency of the Thessalian cavalry under Menon, he gained an important advantage in a cavalry battle over Leonnatus, who was himself slain.  On the very next day Antipater came up, bringing the troops from Lamia, and took command of the defeated army.]

[Footnote 641:  See Smith’s Dict. of Antiquities, s.v.  Graphe Paranomon.]

[Footnote 642:  Demades, although Plutarch does not mention it, accompanied Phokion on his first visit to Antipater.]

[Footnote 643:  The successor of Plato and Speusippus as presiding teacher in the school of the Academy.]

[Footnote 644:  The expression in the text is vague, but we learn from other sources that the surrender of at least two other anti-Macedonian orators was demanded.]

[Footnote 645:  Grote.]

[Footnote 646:  See vol. i., Life of Alkibiades, ch. 34.]

[Footnote 647:  The three sub-divisions of Port Peiraeus were named Kantharus, Aphredisium and Zea.  See Leake, ‘Topography of Athens,’ and Schol. in Ar.  Pac. 144.]

[Footnote 648:  The upright threads of the loom are meant, not a large rope.]

[Footnote 649:  Philip Arrhidaeus.]

[Footnote 650:  Another of the accused.]

[Footnote 651:  May.]

[Footnote 652:  These words, which I borrow from Clough, express the meaning to English ears, though the Greek merely is “piled up a mound.”]

LIFE OF CATO.

I. Cato’s family derived the origin of its splendour and reputation from his great-grandfather[653] Cato, a man who had reputation and power chief among the Romans by reason of his merit, as it has been written in his Life.  Cato was left an orphan with his brother Caepio and a sister Porcia.  Servilia also was a sister of Cato by the same mother.  All of them were brought up and lived with Livius Drusus,[654] their mother’s uncle, who was then the chief political leader; for he was a most powerful speaker, and also a man of the best regulated habits, and in lofty bearing inferior to no Roman.  It is said that Cato from his childhood both in his voice and the expression of his countenance and even in his amusements gave indication of a character immovable and impassive and firm in everything.  His purposes displayed a strength in accomplishing his ends which was above his age:  and while he was rough and stubborn towards those who attempted to flatter him, still more did he show his mastery over all who would try to terrify him by threats.  He was also difficult