[Footnote 558:  He was named Dictator for B.C. 47 by the Senate in Rome immediately after the battle of Pharsalia:  he was at Alexandria when he received this news.  He appointed M. Antonius his Master of the Horse and sent him to Rome. (Dion Cassius, 42. c. 21-33.)]

[Footnote 559:  It broke out during his dictatorship. (Suetonius, Caesar, c. 70; Dion Cassius, 42. c. 52.) The story is told very circumstantially by Appianus (Civil Wars, ii. 92).  The soldiers demanded of Caesar release from service (missio), and he granted it to them in a single word, Mitto.  The soldiers having got what they asked for were no longer soldiers, but citizens; and Caesar in the subsequent part of the conference properly addressed them as Quirites, just as Cicero addresses the Roman people by this name in one of his orations against Rullus.  The soldiers at last prevailed on him to restore them to their former condition; and he set out with them for his African war.  This affair is alluded to by Tacitus. (Annal. ii. 42; Lucanus, v. 357.)]

[Footnote 560:  P. Cornelius Dolabella, a devoted adherent of Caesar.  His turbulent tribunate is recorded by Dion Cassius (42. c. 29, &c.).  He was consul with M. Antonius B.C. 44.  The name Amantius occurs here again.  It is Amintius in some editions of Plutarch.  Kaltwasser observes that nothing is known of Amintius and Corfinius.  But Corfinius should be Cornificius; and Amantius should probably be C. Matius.]

[Footnote 561:  Cato was not in the battle of Pharsalus.  After the battle Cato, Scipio, Afranius, and Labienus went to Corcyra, whence they sailed to Africa to join Juba. (Life of Cato, c. 55; Dion Cassius, 42. c. 10; Appianus, Civil Wars, ii. 95, &c.)

The history of the African War is contained in one book, and is printed in the editions with the Gallic War of Caesar.  Caesar landed at Hadrumetum, because Utica was strongly guarded. (Dion Cassius, 42. c. 58.)]

[Footnote 562:  Comp. the African War, c. 1.]

[Footnote 563:  Dion Cassius (42. c. 58) calls him Salatto.  Suetonius (Caesar, c. 59) also tells the same story.  The African campaign is told by Dion Cassius, 43. c. 1, &c.]

[Footnote 564:  Scipio avoided fighting as long as he could.  Thapsus was situated on a kind of peninsula, south of Hadrumetum, as Dion Cassius states.  But his description is not clear.  There were salt-pans near it, which were separated from the sea by a very narrow tract.  Caesar occupied this approach to Thapsus, and then formed his lines about the town in the form of a crescent.  Scipio came to relieve Thapsus, and this brought on a battle. (African War, 80.) Caesar could not stop the slaughter after the battle was won.]

[Footnote 565:  Petreius, Caesar’s former opponent in Spain, fled with Juba to Zama, where Juba had his family and his treasures.  But the people would not receive Juba into the place.  On which, after rambling about for some time with Petreius, in despair they determined to fight with one another that they might die like soldiers.  Juba, who was strong, easily killed Petreius, and then with the help of a slave he killed himself. (African War, 94; Dion Cassius, 43, c. 8.)