[Footnote 502:  Kaltwasser remarks that Plutarch passes over the events in Caesar’s Sixth Book of the Gallic War, as containing matters of less importance for his purpose.]

[Footnote 503:  Caesar (vii. 4) calls him Vercingetorix.  He was of the nation of the Arverni, whom Plutarch (as his text stands) calls Arvenni in c. 25, and Aruveni in c. 26.  The Arverni were on the Upper Loire in Auvergne.  The Carnunteni, whom Caesar calls Carnutes, were partly in the middle basin of the same river.  Orleans (Genapum) and Chartres (Autricum) were their headquarters.]

[Footnote 504:  [Greek:  tais autais hodois] in the MSS., which gives no sense.  I have adopted Reiske’s alteration [Greek:  autais tais hodois] . Caesar (vii. 8) describes his march over the Cevenna, the Cevennes, in winter.  He had to cut his road through snow six feet deep.  The enemy, who considered the Cevennes as good a protection as a wall, were surprised by his sudden appearance.]

[Footnote 505:  So Plutarch writes it.  It is AEdui in Caesar’s text, or Haedui.  The AEdui, one of the most powerful of the Gallic tribes, were situated between the Upper Loire and the Saone, and possessed the chief part of Burgundy.  The Saone separated them from the Sequani on the east.]

[Footnote 506:  The Lingones were on the Vosges, which contain the sources of the Marne and the Moselle.  The Saone separated them from the Sequani on the south-east.  The account of this campaign is unintelligible in Plutarch.  It is contained in Caesar’s Seventh Book.]

[Footnote 507:  A small matter in itself; but if true, a trait in Caesar’s character.  Schaefer has the following note:  “Aliter facturus erat Cyrneus, omnino inferior ille Romano.”  The Corsican is Napoleon.  Caesar was the magnanimous man, whom Aristotle describes (Eth.  Nicom. iv. 7); Napoleon was not.]

[Footnote 508:  Alise, or rather the summit of Mont Auxois, west of Dijon in Burgundy, represents the Alesia of Caesar.  A stream flowed along each of two sides of the city.  Alesia belonged to the Mandubii, who were dependants of the AEdui.  The siege and capture of Alesia, B.C. 52, are told by Caesar (Gallic War, vii. 68, &c.)

The assembling of the Gallic nations was a last great effort to throw off the yoke.

Dion Cassius (40. c. 41) says Vercingetorix was put in chains.  Seven years after he appeared in Caesar’s triumph, after which he was put to death.

Caesar passed the winter of B.C. 51 at Nemetocenna, Arras, in Belgium.  The final pacification of Gaul is mentioned (viii. 48).  Caesar left Gaul for North Italy in the early part of B.C. 50, and having visited all the cities in his province on the Italian side of the Alps, he again returned to Nemetocenna in Belgium, and after finally settling affairs in those parts, he returned to North Italy, where he learned that the two legions, which had been taken from him for the Parthian war, had been given by the consul C. Marcellus to Pompeius, and were kept in Italy.