The speech of Caesar in which he rated the men for their cowardice is reported by himself (Gallic War, i. 40).  The pursuit of the Germans was continued for five miles according to the MSS. of Caesar; but some editors in place of ‘five’ have put ‘fifty.’  Plutarch’s 400 stadia are equal to 50 Roman miles.]

[Footnote 488:  Caesar (Gallic War, i. 54).  The army wintered in the country between the Jura, the Rhone and Saone, and the Rhine; which was the country of the Sequani.  Caesar says that he went into Citerior Gallia, that is, North Italy, ‘ad conventus agendos,’ to make his circuits for the administration of justice and other civil business.  He may be excused for not saying anything of his political intrigues.]

[Footnote 489:  The rising of the Belgae is the subject of Caesar’s Second Book.  This campaign was in B.C. 57.  It was not a rebellion of the Belgae, for they had not been conquered, but they feared that the Romans would attack them after completing the subjugation of the Galli.  The Belgae were defeated on the Axona, the Aisne, a branch of the Seine (Gallic War, ii. 9-11).  There is no mention in Caesar of lakes and rivers being filled with dead bodies.]

[Footnote 490:  The Nervii considered themselves of German origin.  They occupied Hainault in Belgium, and the modern cities of Cambray and Tournay in France were within their limits.  The Nervii were on the Sabis, the Sambre.  Caesar (ii. 25) speaks of seizing a shield and restoring the battle.  Plutarch has taken from Caesar (c. 29) the amount of the enemy’s loss.  See Dion Cassius (39. c. 1, &c.)]

[Footnote 491:  “Ob easque res ex litteris Caesaris dies xv subplicatio decreta est, quod ante id tempus accidit nulli.” (Caesar, Gallic War, ii. 35.)]

[Footnote 492:  See the Life of Crassus, c. 14; Life of Pompeius, c. 51.  The meeting at Luca was at the end of B.C. 56, and Plutarch has omitted the campaign of that year, which is contained in Caesar’s Third Book of the Gallic War.]

[Footnote 493:  Csasar (iv. 1) names them Usipetes and Tenetheri.  The events in this chapter belong to B.C. 55, when Cn.  Pompeius Magnus and M. Licinius Crassus were consuls for the second time.]

[Footnote 494:  Caesar, iv. c. 12.  Plutarch here calls the Commentaries [Greek:  ephemerides], which means a Diary or Day-book.  The proper Greek word would be [Greek:  hypomnemata].  Kaltwasser accordingly concludes that Plutarah appears to have confounded the Ephemerides and the Commentarii, or at least to have used the word [Greek:  ephemerides] improperly instead of [Greek:  hypomnemata] .  There is no proof that Caesar kept a diary.  That kind of labour is suited to men of a different stamp from him.  Plutarch means the Commentarii.  It is true that Servius (Ad AEneid. xi. 743) speaks of a diary (Ephemeris) of Caesar, which records his being once captured by the Gauls.  But see the note of Davis on this passage (Caesar, ed.  Oudendorp, ii. 999).  Suetonius, who enumerates Caesar’s writings (Caesar, 55, 56), mentions no Ephemeris.  There were abundant sources for anecdotes about Caesar.  The Roman himself wrote as an historian:  he was not a diary keeper.]