[Footnote 469:  Caesar was Praetor (B.C. 60) of Hispania Ulterior or Baetica, which included Lusitania.]

[Footnote 470:  A similar story is told by Suetonius (Caesar, 7) and Dion Cassius (37. c. 52), but they assign it to the time of Caesar’s quaestorship in Spain.]

[Footnote 471:  The Calaici, or Callaici, or Gallaeci, occupied that part of the Spanish peninsula which extended from the Douro north and north-west to the Atlantic. (Strabo, p. 152.) The name still exists in the modern term Gallica.  D. Junius Brutus, consul B.C. 138, and the grandfather of one of Caesar’s murderers, triumphed over the Callaici and Lusitani, and obtained the name Callaicus.  The transactions of Caesar in Lusitania are recorded by Dion Cassius (37. c. 52).]

[Footnote 472:  Many of the creditors were probably Romans. (Velleius Pat. ii 43, and the Life of Lucullus, c. 7.)]

[Footnote 473:  Caesar was consul B.C. 59.]

[Footnote 474:  The measure was for the distribution of Public land (Dion Cassius, 38. c. 1, &c. &c.) and it was an Agrarian Law.  The law comprehended also the land about Capua (Campanus ager).  Twenty thousand Roman citizens were settled on the allotted lands (Vell.  Pater, ii. 44; Appianus, Civil Wars, ii. 10).  Cicero, who was writing to Atticus at the time, mentions this division of the lands as an impolitic measure.  It left the Romans without any source of public income in Italy except the Vicesimae (Ad Attic. ii. 16, 18).

The Romans, who were fond of jokes and pasquinades against those who were in power, used to call the consulship of Caesar, the consulship of Caius Caesar and Julius Caesar, in allusion to the inactivity of Bibulus, who could not resist his bolder colleague’s measures. (Dion Cassius, 38. c. 8.)]

[Footnote 475:  The marriage with Pompeius took place in Caesar’s consulship. Life of Crassus, c. 16.

This Servilius Caepio appears to be Q. Servilius Caepio, the brother of Servilia, the mother of M. Junius Brutus, one of Caesar’s assassins.  Servilius Caepio adopted Brutus, who is accordingly sometimes called Q. Caepio Brutus. (Cicero, Ad Divers. vii. 21; Ad Attic. ii. 24.) Piso was L. Calpurnius Piso, who with Aulus Gabinius was consul B.C. 58.]

[Footnote 476:  Q. Considius Gallus.  He is mentioned by Cicero several times in honourable terms (Ad Attic. ii. 24).]

[Footnote 477:  Cicero went into exile B.C. 58.  See the Life of Cicero, c. 30.

Dion Cassius (38. c. 17) states that Caesar was outside of the city with his army, ready to march to his province, at the time when Clodius proposed the bill of penalties against him.  Cicero says the same (Pro Sestio, c. 18).  Caesar, according to Dion, was not in favour of the penalties contained in the bill; but he probably did not exert himself to save Cicero.  Pompeius, who had presided at the comitia in which Clodius was adrogated into a Plebeian family, in order to qualify him to be a tribune, treated Cicero with neglect (Life of Pompeius, c. 46).  Caesar owed Cicero nothing.  Pompeius owed him much.  And Cicero deserved his punishment.]