others of his enemies that this discourse also was composed not from any enmity, but from political ambition, for the following reason.  Cicero wrote a panegyric on Cato and gave the composition the title “Cato”; and the discourse was eagerly read by many, as one may suppose, being written by the most accomplished of orators on the noblest subject.  This annoyed Caesar, who considered the panegyric on a man whose death he had caused to be an attack upon himself.  Accordingly in his treatise he got together many charges against Cato; and the work is entitled “Anticato."[567] Both compositions have many admirers, as well on account of Caesar as of Cato.

LV.  However, on his return[568] to Rome from Libya, in the first place Caesar made a pompous harangue to the people about his victory, in which he said that he had conquered a country large enough to supply annually to the treasury two hundred thousand Attic medimni of corn, and three million litrae of oil.  In the next place he celebrated triumphs,[569] the Egyptian, the Pontic, and the Libyan, not of course for his victory over Scipio, but over Juba.[570] On that occasion Juba also, the son of King Juba, who was still an infant, was led in the triumphal procession, most fortunate in his capture, for from being a barbarian and a Numidian he became numbered among the most learned of the Greek writers.  After the triumphs Caesar made large presents to the soldiers, and entertained the people with banquets and spectacles, feasting the whole population at once at twenty-two thousand triclina,[571] and exhibiting also shows of gladiators and naval combats in honour of his daughter Julia who had been dead for some time.  After the shows a census[572] was taken, in which instead of the three hundred and twenty thousand of former enumerations, there were enrolled only one hundred and fifty thousand.  So much desolation had the civil wars produced and so large a proportion of the people had been destroyed in them, not to reckon the miseries that had befallen the rest of Italy and the provinces.

LVI.  All this being completed, Caesar was made consul[573] for the fourth time, and set out to Iberia to attack the sons of Pompeius, who were still young, but had got together a force of amazing amount and displayed a boldness that showed they were worthy to command, so that they put Caesar in the greatest danger.  The great battle was fought near the city of Munda,[574] in which Caesar, seeing that his men were being driven from their ground and making a feeble resistance, ran through the arms and the ranks calling out, “If they had no sense of shame, to take and deliver him up to the boys.”  With difficulty and after great exertion he put the enemy to flight and slaughtered above thirty thousand of them, but he lost a thousand of his own best soldiers.  On retiring after the battle he said to his friends, that he had often fought for victory, but now for the first time he had fought for existence.  He gained this victory on the day