[Footnote 420:  The same name occurs in the Life of Sulla, c. 15, and Life of Lucullus, c. 26.]

[Footnote 421:  The river Jhelum in the Punjaub.]

[Footnote 422:  A cubit is the space from the point of the elbow to that of the little finger:  a span is the space one can stretch over with the thumb and the little finger.]

[Footnote 423:  As distinguished from the Mediterranean.  The ancients gave the name of ocean to the sea by which they believed that their world was surrounded.]

[Footnote 424:  [Greek:  daktylos], the shortest Greek measure, a finger’s breadth, about 7/20 of an inch.  The modern Greek seamen measure the distance of the sun from the horizon by fingers’ breadths.  Newton’s ‘Halicarnassus.’ (Liddell & Scott, s.v.)]

[Footnote 425:  So called from their habit of going entirely naked.  One of them is said by Arrian to have said to Alexander.  “You are a man like all of us, Alexander—­except that you abandon your home like a meddlesome destroyer, to invade the most distant regions; enduring hardships yourself, and inflicting hardships on others.” (Arrian, vii, 1, 8.)]

[Footnote 426:  To recompense his soldiers for their recent distress, the king conducted them for seven days in drunken bacchanalian procession through Karmania, himself and all his friends taking part in the revelry; an imitation of the jovial festivity and triumph with which the god Dionysus had marched back from the conquest of India.  (Grote’s ‘History of Greece,’ part ii. ch. xciv.)]

[Footnote 427:  The straits of Gibraltar.]

[Footnote 428:  Her daughter, Alexander’s sister.]

[Footnote 429:  The district known to the ancients as Persis or Persia proper, corresponds roughly to the modern province of Fars.  Its capital city was Persepolis, near the modern city of Schiraz.]

[Footnote 430:  The capital of Macedonia, Alexander’s native city.]

[Footnote 431:  [Greek:  chous] a liquid measure containing 12 [Greek:  kotulai] of 5.46 pints apiece.]

[Footnote 432:  The Greek word hero means a semi-divine personage, who was worshipped, though with less elaborate ritual than a god.]

[Footnote 433:  L2,300,000.  Grote, following Diodorus, raises the total even higher, to twelve thousand talents, or L2,760,000.  “History of Greece,” part ii. ch. xciv.]

[Footnote 434:  The Greek text here is corrupt.  I have endeavoured to give what appears to have been Plutarch’s meaning.]

LIFE OF C. CAESAR.