The order of the battle is described by Caesar (Civil War, iii. 89).  Plutarch here and in the Life of Caesar (c. 44) says that Pompeius commanded the right, but Caesar says that he was on the left.  Domitius, that is, L. Domitius Ahenobarbus (Consul B.C. 54), may have commanded under him.  Cn.  Domitius Calvinus (Consul B.C. 53), whom Plutarch calls Calvinus Lucius, commanded Caesar’s centre.  The account of Appianus (Civil Wars, ii. 76) does not agree with Caesar’s.]

[Footnote 372:  See Caesar B.C. (iii. 88), and Appianus (ii. 79), who quotes Caesar’s letters.]

[Footnote 373:  The whole number of Italian troops on both sides was about 70,000, as Plutarch says in the next chapter.  There were also other troops on both sides (Appianus, Civil Wars, ii. 70).  The battle was fought on the ninth of August, B.C. 48, according to the uncorrected calendar.]

[Footnote 374:  Dion Cassius has some like reflections (41. c. 53-58); and Appianus (ii. 77), who says that both the commanders-in-chief shed tears; which we need not believe.]

[Footnote 375:  Lucan, i. 6.]

[Footnote 376:  Crassinius, in the Life of Caesar, c. 44.  Caesar (iii. 91, 99) names him Crastinus.  Compare Appianus (Civil Wars, ii. 82).  Crastinus received an honourable interment after the battle.]

[Footnote 377:  The passage is from the Iliad, xi. 544.]

[Footnote 378:  C. Asinius Pollio was a soldier, a poet, and an historical writer.  His history of the Civil Wars was comprised in seventeen books.  Appianus (Civil Wars, ii. 79) quotes this circumstance from Pollio.  Horatius (Od. ii. 1) addresses this Pollio, and Virgilius in his fourth Eclogue.  The first part of the ode of Horatius contains an allusion to Pollio’s historical work.]

[Footnote 379:  Caesar (iii. 96) describes the appearance of the camp of Pompeius, and adds that his hungry soldiers found an entertainment which their enemies had prepared for themselves.]

[Footnote 380:  Pompeius passed by Larissa, the chief town of Thessalia, on his road to the vale of Tempe, in which the river Peneius flows between the mountain range of Olympus and Ossa.  In saying that Pompeius “let his horse go,” I have used an expression that may be misunderstood.  Caesar(iii. 96) will explain it—­“protinusque equo citato Larissam contendit,” and he continued his flight at the same rate.]

[Footnote 381:  These were L. Lentulus Spinther, Consul B.C. 57, and Lentulus Crus, Consul B.C. 49.  Deiotarus was king or tetrarch of Galatia in Asia Minor, and had come to the assistance of Pompeius with a considerable force.  Pompeius had given him Armenia the Less, and the title of King.  Caesar after the battle of Pharsalus took Armenia from him, but allowed him to retain the title of King.]

[Footnote 382:  The verse is from Euripides.  It is placed among the Fragmenta Incerta CXIX. ed.  Matthiae.]