[Footnote 278:  The character of Mithridates is only known to us from his enemies.  But his own memoirs, if the truth is here stated, prove his cruel and vindictive character.  He spared neither his friends nor his own children.  Among others he put to death his son Xiphares by Stratonike to revenge himself on the mother for giving up the fort Kaenum.]

[Footnote 279:  See the Life of Sulla, c. 6.  The registration of dreams and their interpretation, that is the events which followed and were supposed to explain them, were usual among the Greeks.  There is still extant one of these curious collections by Artemidorus Daldianus in five books, entitled Oneirocritica, or The Interpretation of Dreams.  The fifth book of ‘Results’ contains ninety-five dreams of individuals and the events which happened.]

[Footnote 280:  See the Life of Lucullus, c. 18.]

[Footnote 281:  Publius Rutilius Rufus was consul B.C. 105.  He was exiled in consequence of being unjustly convicted B.C. 92 at the time when the Judices were chosen from the body of the Equites.  He was accused of Repetundae and convicted and exiled.  He retired to Smyrna, where he wrote the history of his own times in Greek.  All the authorities state that he was an honest man and was unjustly condemned. (Velleius Paterculus, ii. 13; Tacitus, Agricola, c. 1:  and the various passages in Orelli, Onomasticon, P. Rutilius Rufus.)]

[Footnote 282:  See the Life of Lucullus, c. 14.]

[Footnote 283:  The strait that unites the Euxine to the Maeotis or Sea of Azoff, was called the Bosporus, which name was also given to the country on the European side of the strait, which is included in the peninsula of the Crimea.]

[Footnote 284:  See Dion Cassius, 37. c. 5.]

[Footnote 285:  This is the Indian Ocean.  The name first occurs in Herodotus.  It is generally translated the Red Sea, and so it is translated by Kaltwasser.  But the Red Sea was called the Arabian Gulf by Herodotus.  However, the term Erythraean Sea was sometimes used with no great accuracy, and appears to have comprehended the Red Sea, which is a translation of the term Erythraean, as the Greeks understood that word ([Greek:  erythros], Red).]

[Footnote 286:  Triarius, the legatus of Lucullus, had been defeated three years before by Mithridates.  See the Life of Lucullus, c. 35; and Appianus (Mithridatic War, c. 89).]

[Footnote 287:  This mountain range is connected with the Taurus and runs down to the coast of the Mediterranean, which it reaches at the angle formed by the Gulf of Scanderoon.]

[Footnote 288:  This campaign, as already observed in the notes to c. 36, is placed earlier by Appianus, but his chronology is confused and incorrect.  The siege of Jerusalem, which was accompanied with great difficulty, is described by Dion Cassius (37. c. 15, &c.), and by Josephus (Jewish Wars, xiv. 4).  There was a great slaughter of the Jews when the city was stormed.]