law (rogatio), which was carried, made the Judices eligible out of the Senators, Equites, and Tribuni AErarii, which three classes are mentioned by Cicero (Ad Atticum, i. 16) as represented by the Judices who sat on the trial of Clodius.  The purity of the administration of justice was not hereby improved.  Cicero, on the occasion of the trial of Clodius, speaks of all these classes having their dishonest representatives among the judices.]

[Footnote 231:  Compare the Life of Crassus, c. 12.

The remarks at the end of the chapter may be useful to some men who would meddle with matters political, when their only training has been in camps.  Pompeius was merely a soldier, and had no capacity for civil affairs.]

[Footnote 232:  The history of piracy in the Mediterranean goes as far back as the history of navigation.  The numerous creeks and islands of this inland sea offer favourable opportunities for piratical posts, and accordingly we read of pirates as early as we read of commerce by sea. (Thucydides, i. 5.) The disturbances in the Roman State had encouraged these freebooters in their depredations.  Caesar, when a young man, fell into their hands (Life of Caesar, c. 1); and also P. Clodius.  The insecure state of Italy is shown by the fact of the pirates even landing on the Italian coast, and seizing the Roman magistrates, Sextilius and Bellienus.  Cicero in his oration in favour of the Lex Manilia (c. 12, c. 17, &c.) gives some particulars of the excesses of the pirates.  Antonia, whom they carried off, was the daughter of the distinguished orator, Marcus Antonius (Life of Marius, c. 44), who had been sent against the Cilician pirates B.C. 102, and had a triumph for his victory over them.  If Cicero alludes (Pro Lege Manilia) to the capture of the daughter of Antonius, that probably took place before B.C. 87, for in that year Antonius was put to death.  But Cicero speaks of the daughter of ‘a praetor’ being carried off from Misenum, and it is not improbable that he alludes to M. Antonius Creticus, praetor B.C. 75.  If this explanation is correct, the Antonia was the grand-daughter of the orator Antonius.]

[Footnote 233:  [Greek:  stulides].  The meaning of this word is uncertain. [Greek:  Stulis] is a diminutive of [Greek:  stulos] , and signifies a small pillar, or pole.  It may be that which carried the colours.  But I do not profess to have translated the word, for I do not know what is meant.]

[Footnote 234:  From the places enumerated it appears that the pirates had carried their ravages from the coast of Asia Minor to the shores of Greece and up the Ionian Sea as far as the entrance of the Gulf of Ambracia, now the Gulf of Arta, near the entrance of which Actium was situated on the southern coast, and even to the Italian shores.  The temple of Juno Lacinia was on the south-eastern coast of Italy on a promontory, now called Capo delle Colonne, from the ruins of the ancient temple.  The noted temples of antiquity were filled with works of art and rich offerings, the gifts of pious devotees.  Cicero (Pro Lege Manilia), c. 18) speaks of the pirates as infesting even the Via Appia.]