[Footnote 212:  The lion is a native of North Africa, but it is doubtful if the elephant is.  The Carthaginians employed many elephants in their armies, which they probably got from the countries south of the great desert.  Plutarch evidently considers the elephant as a native of North Africa, or he would not speak of hunting it; yet in chapter 14 he speaks of the elephants as the King’s, or the King’s elephants, as if the elephants that Pompeius took were merely some that belonged to Iarbas or some of the African kings, and had got loose.  Plinius (N.H. viii. 1) speaks of elephants in the forests of Mauritania.  They are enumerated by Herodotus (iv. 191) among the beasts of North Africa.]

[Footnote 213:  Drumann discusses at some length the question as to the time and occasion on which Pompeius received the appellation:  those who are curious may consult his work, Geschichte Roms, Pompeii, p. 335.]

[Footnote 214:  M. Valerius Maximus, a brother of Publicola.  The allusion is to the secession of the Plebs to the Mons Sacer, B.C. 494, which was followed by the institution of the Tribunitian office.  Cicero (Brutus, 14) mentions this Valerius, and the secession to the Mons Sacer.  See Livius, ii. 30.]

[Footnote 215:  Q. Fabius Maximus Rullus, who was five times consul, and for the last time in B.C. 295. (Livius, x. 22.) He was afterwards Dictator and Censor.  It was in his capacity of Censor that he ejected these persons from the Senate, B.C. 304.  Compare the Life of Fabius Maximus, c. 1.]

[Footnote 216:  Kaltwasser observes that it was not so much a law (lex) as a usage:  but Plutarch’s words by no means imply that he thought there was a Lex to this effect.  Livius (xxxi. c. 20) states that only a dictator, consul, or praetor could have a triumph.  The claim of Pompeius was an impudent demand:  but he felt his power.  The ’first Scipio’ is the elder Africanus.  See Life of Tiberius Gracchus, c. 1, Notes.]

[Footnote 217:  Plutarch may mean that Pompeius really attempted to enter the gate in a chariot drawn by elephants, and finding that he could not do it, he got out and mounted a chariot drawn by horses.  This is perhaps nearer the literal version of the passage, and agrees better with Plinius (N.  H. viii. 1).]

[Footnote 218:  P. Servilius Vatia Isauricus, consul for B.C. 79.  Pompeius triumphed B.C. 81, or in the beginning of 80 B.C., the first of the class of Equites who ever had this honour.  The review of the Equites, which is spoken of at the end of this chapter, is explained by c. 22.]

[Footnote 219:  Compare the Life of Sulla, c. 31, &c.  Sulla died in the consulship of M. AEmilius Lepidus and Q. Lutatius Catulus, B.C. 78.]

[Footnote 220:  This is the Roman expression, which Plutarch has rendered by [Greek:  hoi aristoi].  Compare Life of Tib.  Gracchus, c. 10.]

[Footnote 221:  On the site of Modena.  The events of the consulship of Lepidus are very confused.  Drumann observes (Pompeii, p. 345) that Plutarch incorrectly tells the story as if Pompeius was not present at the attack of Lepidus on Rome (Appianus, Civil Wars, i. 107; Floras, iii. 23):  but Plutarch’s narrative does not of necessity imply that Pompeius was not there.]