at Olympia and Delphi (Thucydides, i. 121), a scheme which the Athenians, their enemies, appear to have looked upon as a mode of borrowing of which repayment would form no part. (i. 143. [Greek:  eite kai kinesantes], &c.).  Many of the rich churches in Italy were plundered by the French during their occupation of Italy in the Revolutionary wars; their search after valuables extended to very minute matters.  The rich stores of the Holy House of the Virgin at Loreto were nearly exhausted by Pope Pius VI. in 1796 to satisfy the demands of the French.  It is said that there is a new store got together for the next invader.]

[Footnote 213:  The history of this ancient body cannot be given with any accuracy except in detail. (See the article “Amphictyons,” Penny Cyclopaedia.) The “royal presents” were the gifts of Croesus, king of Lydia (in the sixth century B.C.) the most munificent of all the donors to the temple.  Among his other presents Herodotus (i. 51) mentions four of these silver casks or jars, and he uses the same word that Plutarch does.  The other three had probably been taken by some previous plunderer.  In the Sacred war (B.C. 357) the Phokians under Philomelus took a large part of the valuable things at Delphi for the purpose of paying their troops. (Diodorus, xvi. 30.)]

[Footnote 214:  Flamininus, whose life Plutarch has written under the name of Flaminius, defeated Philip V. king of Macedonia B.C. 197.  Manius Acilius Glabrio, who was consul B.C. 191, defeated in that year Antiochus III. king of Syria, commonly called the Great, at Thermopylae in Greece.  Antiochus afterwards withdrew into Asia.  AEmilius Paulus defeated Perseus, the last king of Macedonia, at Pydna B.C. 168, upon which Macedonia was reduced into the form of a Roman Province (Livius, 45, c. 18.).  Plutarch has written the Life of Paulus AEmilius.]

[Footnote 215:  See the Life of Marius, c. 42.]

[Footnote 216:  See c. 20, 21.  C. Flavius Fimbria was the legatus of the consul L. Valerius Flaccus.  Cicero (Brutus, 66) calls him a madman.]

[Footnote 217:  The Medimnus was a dry measure, reckoned at 11 gallons 7.1456 pints English.  It was equivalent to six Roman modii. (Smith’s Dictionary of Antiquities.)]

[Footnote 218:  This plant may have had its name from the virgin (parthenos) goddess Athene, whom the Romans call Minerva.  Plinius (N.H. 22, c. 20) has described it.  It is identified with the modern feverfew by Smith in Rees’ Cyclopaedia,—­a plant of the chamomile kind; rather unpleasant for food, as one might conjecture.  The oil-flasks were of coarse leather.  In Herodotus (ix. 118) we read of a besieged people eating their bedcords, which we may assume to have been strips of hides, or leather at least.]

[Footnote 219:  For all matters relating to the topography of Rome and Athens, the reader must consult a plan:  nothing else can explain the text.  The gate called Dipylum or Double-Gate was the passage from the Keramicus within the walls to the Keramicus outside of the walls on the north-west side of Athens.]