[Footnote 74:  It is stated by Mannert (Geographie der Griechen und Roemer, Pt. iii. 410), that the term Hercynian forest was not always used by the ancients to denote the same wooded tract.  At this time a great part of Germany was probably covered with forest.  Caesar (Gallic War, vi. 24) describes it as extending from the country of the Helvetii (who lived near the lake of Geneva) apparently in a general east or north-east direction, but his description is not clear.  He says that the forest had been traversed in its length for sixty days without an end being come to.]

[Footnote 75:  Plutarch’s description is literally translated; it shows that there was a confused notion of the long days and nights in the arctic regions.  Herodotus (iv. 25) and Tacitus in his Agricola have some vague talk of the like kind.]

[Footnote 76:  The passage in Homer is in the 11th Book, v. 14, &c.  This Book is entitled Necyia [Greek:  nekyia], which is the word that Plutarch uses; it literally signifies an offering or sacrifice by which the shades of the dead are called up from the lower world to answer questions that are put to them.]

[Footnote 77:  In B.C. 113 the Romans first heard of the approach of the Cimbri and Teutones.  Cn.  Papirius Carbo, one of the consuls of this year, was defeated by them in Illyricum (part of Stiria), but they did not cross the Alps.  In B.C. 109 the consul M. Junius Silanus was defeated by the Cimbri, who demanded of the Roman Senate lands to settle in:  the demand was refused.  In B.C. 107 the consul L. Cassius Longinus fell in battle against the Galli Tigurini, who inhabited a part of Switzerland, and his army was sent under the yoke.  This was while his colleague Marius was carrying on the campaign against Jugurtha in Africa.  In B.C. 105 Cn.  Manlius Maximus, the consul, and Q. Servilius Caepio, proconsul, who had been consul in B.C. 106, were defeated by the Cimbri with immense slaughter, and lost both their camps.  The name of Manlius is written Mallius in the Fasti Consulares, ed.  Baiter.]

[Footnote 78:  Scipio Africanus the younger was elected consul B.C. 147 when he was thirty-seven years of age, the law as to age being for that occasion not enforced.  There was an old Plebiscitum (law passed in the Comitia Tributa) which enacted that no man should hold the same magistracy without an interval of ten full years. (Livius. 7, c. 42; 10, c. 13).  The first instance of the law being suspended was in the case of Q. Fabius Maximus.  One of Sulla’s laws re-enacted or confirmed the old law.]

[Footnote 79:  This canal of Marius is mentioned by Strabo (p. 183) and other ancient writers.  The eastern branch of the Rhone runs from Arelate (Arles) to the sea, and the canal of Marius probably commenced in this branch about twenty Roman miles below Arles (which did not then exist), and entered the sea between the mouth of this branch and Maritima, now Martigues.  The length of the canal of Marius might be about twelve Roman miles.  Marseilles is east of Martigues. (D’Anville. Notice de la Gaule Ancienne.)]