in all cases where the burns have been superficial. 2.  Dissolve white lead in flaxseed oil to the consistency of milk, and apply over the entire burn or scald every five minutes.  It can be applied with a soft feather.  This is said to give relief sooner, and to be more permanent in its effects, than any other application. 3.  Make a saturated solution of alum (four ounces to a quart of hot water).  Dip a cotton cloth in this solution and apply immediately on the burn.  As soon as it becomes hot or dry, replace it by another, and continue doing so as often as the cloth dries, which at first will be every few minutes.  The pain will immediately cease, and after twenty-four hours of this treatment the burn will be healed; especially if commenced before blisters are formed.  The astringent and drying qualities of the alum will entirely prevent their formation. 4.  Glycerine, five ounces; white of egg, four ounces; tincture of arnica, three ounces.  Mix the glycerine and white of egg thoroughly in a mortar, and gradually add the arnica.  Apply freely on linen rags night, and morning, washing previously with warm castile soap-suds. 5.  Take one drachm of finely powdered alum, and mix thoroughly with the white of two eggs and one teacup of fresh lard; spread on a cloth, and apply to the parts burnt. it gives almost instant relief from pain, and, by excluding the air, prevents excessive inflammatory action.  The application should be changed at least once a day. 6.  M. Joel, of the Children’s Hospital, Lausanne, finds that a tepid bath, containing a couple of pinches of sulphate of iron, gives immediate relief to young children who have been extensively burned.  In a case of a child four years old, a bath repeated twice a day—­twenty minutes each bath—­the suppuration decreased, lost its odor, and the little sufferer was soon convalescent. 7.  For severe scalding, carbolic acid has recently been used with marked benefit.  It is to be mixed with thirty parts of the ordinary oil of lime water to one part of the acid.  Linen rags satured in the carbolic emulsion are to be spread on the scalded parts, and kept moist by frequently smearing with the feather dipped in the liquid.  Two advantages of this mode of treatment are, the exclusion of air, and the rapid healing by a natural restorative action without the formation of pus, thus preserving unmarred and personal appearance of the patient—­a matter of no small importance to some people.

CHOKING.—­In case of Choking, a violent slap with the open hand between the shoulders of the sufferer will often effect a dislodgment.  In case the accident occurs with a child, and the slapping process does not afford instant relief, it should be grasped by the feet, and placed head downwards, and the slapping between the shoulders renewed;