Japan—­Gold coins:  Twenty yen, $19.94; 10 yen, $9.97; 5 yen, $4.98; 2 yen, $1.99; 1 yen, 99 cents.  Silver:  The 50, 20, 10 and 5 sen pieces, answering respectively to 50, 20, 10 and 5 cents.  In copper there is the sen, answering to 1 cent.

Mexico—­Gold coins:  Sixteen dollar piece, $15.74; 8 dollars, $7.87; 4 dollars, $3.93; 2 dollars, $1.96; 1 dollar, 98 cents.  Silver:  1 dollar, 98 cents; 50-cent piece, 49 cents; 25 cents, 24 cents.  The Mexican cent, like our own, equals one-hundreth of a dollar.

Netherlands—­Gold coins:  Ten-guilder piece, $4.02; 5 guilders, $2.01.  Silver:  2-1/2 guilders, $1; 1 guilder, 40 cents; half-guilder, 20 cents; 25 cents, 10 cents; 10 cents, 4 cents; 5 cents, 2 cents.  The Dutch copper cent is one-hundreth of the guilder.

Peru—­Gold coins:  Twenty-sol piece, $19.30; 10 sol, $9.65; 5 sol, $4.82; 2 sol. $1.93; 1 sol, 96 cents.  Silver:  1 sol, 96 cents; 50 centesimos, 48 cents; 20, 10 and 5 centesimos, worth respectively 19, 10 and 5 cents.  It will be noted that the Peruvian coinage is almost identical with that of Colombia.  It is also used in Bolivia.

Portugal—­Gold coin:  Crown, $10.80; half-crown, $5.40; one-fifth crown, $2.16; one-tenth crown, $1.08.  These gold pieces are also known respectively as 10, 5, 2 and 1 dollar [Transcriber’s Note:  The original text reads ’pices’]v pieces.  The silver coins are the 500, 200, 100 [Transcriber’s Note:  The original text reads ‘and 5’] and 50 reis coins, worth respectively 54, 21, 11 and 5 cents.  One thousand reis are equal to one crown.

Russia—­Gold coins:  Imperial or 10-ruble piece, $7.72; 5 rubles, $3.86; 3 rubles, $2.31.  Silver:  ruble, 77 cents; half-ruble, 38 cents; quarter-ruble, 19 cents; 20 copecks, 15 cents; 10 copecks, 7 cents; 5 copecks, 4 cents; 100 copecks are worth 1 ruble.

Turkey—­Gold coins:  Lira or medjidie, $4.40; half-lira, $2.20; quarter-lira, $1.10.  The silver unit is the piastre, worth 4 cents of our currency, and silver coins of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 piastres are current.

The currency of Denmark is also in use in Norway and Sweden, these three countries forming the Scandinavian Union.  Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Roumania, Servia, Spain and Switzerland are united in the Latin Union, and use the French coinage.  The units in the different States are, it is true, called by different names; as in France, Belgium and Switzerland, franc and centime; in Italy, lira and centesimo; in Greece, drachm and lepta; in Roumania, lei and bani:  in Servia, dinar and para; in Spain, peseta and centesimo; but in all cases the value is the same.