their heads in adoration, and scattering sacred prayer-meal on the god and his attendant priests.  Slowly they wound their way down the hill, across the river, and off toward the mountain of Thunder.  Soon an identical procession followed and took its way toward the western hills.  I watched them long until they disappeared, and a few hours afterward there arose from the top of ‘Thunder Mountain’ a dense column of smoke, simultaneously with another from the more distant western mesa of ‘U-ha-na-mi,’ or ‘Mount of the Beloved.’

Then they told me that for four days I must neither touch nor eat flesh or oil of any kind, and for ten days neither throw any refuse from my doors, nor permit a spark to leave my house, for ’This was the season of the year when the “grandmother of men” (fire) was precious.’

Here then, in Zuni, we have the bull-roarer again, and once more we find it employed as a summons to the mysteries.  We do not learn, however, that women in Zuni are forbidden to look upon the bull-roarer.  Finally, the South African evidence, which is supplied by letters from a correspondent of Mr. Tylor’s, proves that in South Africa, too, the bull-roarer is employed to call the men to the celebration of secret functions.  A minute description of the instrument, and of its magical power to raise a wind, is given in Theal’s ‘Kaffir Folklore,’ p. 209.  The bull-roarer has not been made a subject of particular research; very probably later investigations will find it in other parts of the modern world besides America, Africa, New Zealand, and Australia.  I have myself been fortunate enough to encounter the bull-roarer on the soil of ancient Greece and in connection with the Dionysiac mysteries.  Clemens of Alexandria, and Arnobius, an early Christian father who follows Clemens, describe certain toys of the child Dionysus which were used in the mysteries.  Among these are turbines, [Greek], and [Greek].  The ordinary dictionaries interpret all these as whipping-tops, adding that [Greek] is sometimes ‘a magic wheel.’  The ancient scholiast on Clemens, however, writes:  ’The [Greek] is a little piece of wood, to which a string is fastened, and in the mysteries it is whirled round to make a roaring noise.’ {39} Here, in short, we have a brief but complete description of the bull-roarer of the Australian turndun.  No single point is omitted.  The [Greek], like the turndun, is a small object of wood, it is tied to a string, when whirled round it produces a roaring noise, and it is used at initiations.  This is not the end of the matter.