arose, and the boats on which they embarked were driven out of their course.  Some of them were stranded on the shore which bounds the pine-forest of Ravenna, and here, hope being indeed gone, the Chief separated from his companions.  Of these, Ugo Bassi, and an officer named Livraghi, were soon captured by the Austrians, who conveyed them to Bologna, where they were shot.  Ciceruacchio and his sons were taken in another place, and shot as soon as taken.  The boat which contained Colonel Forbes was caught at sea by an Austrian cruiser:  he was kept in Austrian prisons for two months, and was constantly reminded that he would be either shot or hung; but the English Government succeeded in getting him liberated, and he lived to take part in more fortunate fights under Garibaldi’s standard.

Meanwhile, Anita was dying in a peasant’s cottage, to which Garibaldi carried her when the strong will and dauntless heart could no longer stand in place of the strength that was finished.  This was the 4th of August.  Scarcely had she breathed her last breath when Garibaldi, broken down with grief as he was, had to fly from the spot.  The Austrians were hunting for him in all directions.  All the Roman fugitives were proclaimed outlaws, and the population was forbidden to give them even bread or water.  Nevertheless—­aided in secret by peasants, priests and all whose help he was obliged to seek—­Garibaldi made good his flight from the Adriatic to the Mediterranean, the whole route being overrun by Austrians.  When once the western coast was reached, he was able, partly by sea and partly by land, to reach the Piedmontese territory, where his life was safe.  Not even there, however, could he rest; he was told, politely but firmly, that his presence was embarrassing, and for the second time he left Europe—­first for Tunis and then for the United States.

While the French besieged Rome, the Austrians had not been idle.  They took Bologna in May, after eight days’ resistance; and in June, after twenty days’ attack by sea and land, Ancona fell into their hands.  In these towns they pursued means of ‘pacification’ resembling those employed at Brescia.  All who possessed what by a fiction could be called arms were summarily slaughtered.  At Ancona, a woman of bad character hid a rusty nail in the bed of her husband, whom she wished to get rid of; she then denounced him to the military tribunal, and two hours later an English family, whose house was near the barracks, heard the ring of the volley of musketry which despatched him.  Austria had also occupied the Grand Duchy of Tuscany; and when, in July, Leopold II. returned to his state, which had restored him by general consent and without any foreign intervention, he entered Florence between two files of Austrian soldiery, in violation of the article of the Statute to which he had sworn, which stipulated that no foreign occupation should be invited or tolerated.  The Grand Duke wrote to the Emperor