Such was General Haynau, ’whose brave devotion to his master’s service was the veteran’s sole crime,’ said the Quarterly Review (June 1853), but who was judged otherwise by some in England.  Wherefore was he soundly beaten by the brewers in the employment of Messrs Barclay & Perkins; and the nice words of the Quarterly could not undo that beating, redress for which Lord Palmerston blandly advised the complainant to seek ‘before the common tribunals.’  He thought it best to neglect the advice, and to leave the country.

Among the curious taxes levied at Brescia during the six months after its fall was one of L500 for ‘the expenses of the hangman.’  Count Martinengo escaped after the Austrians were in possession of the town through the courageous assistance given to him by a few young men of the working class.  Camozzi’s band of Bergamasques, which started for the relief of the sister city, was driven back with loss.

The end was come, but woe to the victors.

Following the Italian flag to where it still floated, we pass from Brescia in the dust to Rome still inviolate, though soon to be assailed by the bearers of another tricolor.  A few days after Novara, the Triumvirate issued a proclamation, in which they said:  ’The Republic in Rome has to prove to Italy and to Europe that our work is eminently religious, a work of education and of morality; that the accusations of intolerance, anarchy and violent upturning of things are false; that, thanks to the republican principle, united as one family of good men under the eye of God, and following the impulse of those who are first among us in genius and virtue, we march to the attainment of true order, law and power united.’  Englishmen who were in Rome at the time attest how well the pledge was kept.  Peace and true freedom prevailed under the republican banner as no man remembered them to have prevailed before in Rome.  The bitter provocation of the quadruple attack was not followed by revengeful acts on the parts of the government against those who were politically and religiously associated with him at whose bidding that attack was made.  Nothing like a national party was terrorised or kept under by fear of violence.  ‘That at such a time,’ writes Henry Lushington, who was not favourable to Mazzini, ’not one lawless or evil deed was done would have been rather a miracle than a merit, but on much concurrent testimony it is clear that the efforts of the government to preserve order were incessant, and to a remarkable degree successful.’  He adds that the streets were far safer for ordinary passengers under the Triumvirs than under the Papacy.