Zurich, Conference of, 257;

    Treaty of, 258.

FOOTNOTES: 

[Footnote 1:  See Memoirs of Lord Castlereagh, 1848, Vol. i. p. 34.]

[Footnote 2:  It is now Carlyle’s turn to be aspersed.  Let Mazzini speak for him from the grave:  ‘I do not know if I told you,’ he wrote to the Marchesa Eleonora Curlo Ruffini, in a letter published a few months ago, ’that I have met upon my path, deserted enough, I hope, by choice, a Scotchman of mind and things, the first person here, up till now, with whom I sympathise and who sympathises with me.  We differ in nearly all opinions, but his are so sincere and disinterested that I respect them.  He is good, good, good; he has been, and I think he is still, unhappy in spite of the fame which surrounds him; he has a wife with talent and feeling; always ailing; no children.  They live out of town, and I go to see them every now and then.  They have no insular or other prejudices that jar upon me.  I have grown more intimate with this man in consequence, I think, of an article I wrote here, after knowing him, against an historical work of his; perhaps, accustomed as he is to common-place praise, to which he is indifferent, my frankness pleased him.  For the rest I shall see him rarely, and I can only give him esteem and the warmest sympathy—­not friendship, which I can henceforth give to no one.’ (22nd March 1840.)]

[Footnote 3:  On the production of Verdi’s opera, I Lombardi alla prima Crociata, the Austrian Archbishop of Milan wished the Commissary of Police to prohibit the performance because it treated of sacred subjects.  When it was recognised as one of the accelerating causes of the revolution, he drily remarked that they would have done better to take his advice.  The grand chorus, ’O Signore dal tetto natio,’ in which the censor had only seen a pious chant, became the morning-song of national resurrection.]

[Footnote 4:  Long live who has money and who has none.’]

[Footnote 5:  Of Garibaldi’s foreign officers, Colonel (afterwards General) Dunne was one of the most marked personalities.  When quite a young man he sold his commission in the English army and took to fighting under many flags.  In the Crimean War he commanded a company of Bashi Bazouks.  He had in him more than a dash of Gordon, of Burton, and like them he could do what he chose with untamed natures.  If he was not obeyed fast enough he adopted rather strong measures.  A Sicilian company, under fire for the first time, failed to show sufficient promptitude in executing an order to escalade a wall and jump into a garden, from which the enemy was keeping up a brisk fire.  Dunne caught up half-a-dozen of the men into his saddle and pitched them bodily over the wall.  The effect was singular, for seeing the Garibaldians falling from the clouds, the Neapolitans took to their heels, exclaiming:  ‘They can fly! they can fly!’ Generally, however, he infused his own courage into all who served under him with a touch, perhaps, of his own fatalistic mysticism.  It was a strange experience to hear this courteous, mild-mannered gentleman lament that Rome had not been burnt down; the disappearance of the scene of so many awful crimes he regarded necessary as a moral sanitary measure.]