Gray morning rose in the east.  A green narrow vale appeared before us:  its winding stream murmured through the grove.  The dark host of Rothmar stood on its banks, with their glittering spears.  We fought along the vale.  They fled.  Rothmar sunk beneath my sword.  Day was descending in the west, when I brought his arms to Crothar.  The aged hero felt them with his hands:  joy brightened his thoughts.

NOTE. Horace, Charles, and ladies, are of the second person, and nom. case independent:  see RULE 5, and NOTE.  The first you is used in the nom. poss. and obj. case.—­It represents Charles, therefore it is singular in sense, although plural in form.  In the next example, you personifies ladies, therefore it is plural.  Given is a perfect participle. You following given, is governed by to understood, according to NOTE 1, under Rule 32. Run over is a compound verb. And is a conjunction.  The first its personates vale; the second its represents stream.

You may now parse the following examples three times over.

COMPOUND PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

    “Juliet, retain her paper, and present yours.”

Yours is a compound personal pronoun, representing both the possessor and the thing possessed, and is equivalent to your paper. Your is a pronoun, a word used instead of a noun—­personal, it personates “Juliet”—­second person, it represents the person spoken to—­fem. gender, sing. number, (singular in sense, but plural in form,) because the noun Juliet is for which it stands:  Rule 13. Pers.  Pron. &c.—­Your is in the possessive case, it denotes possession, and is governed by “paper,” according to Rule 12. A noun or pron. &c. (Repeat the Rule, and decline the pronoun.) Paper is a noun, the name of a thing—­common, the name of a sort of things—­neuter gender, it denotes a thing without sex—­third person, spoken of—­sing. number, it implies but one—­and in the obj. case, it is the object of the action expressed by the transitive verb “present,” and governed by it:  Rule 20. Active-transitive verbs govern the obj. case.

NOTE.  Should it be objected, that yours does not mean your paper, any more than it means your book, your house, your any thing, let it be borne in mind, that pronouns have no definite meaning, like other words; but their particular signification is always determined by the nouns they represent.

EXERCISES IN PARSING.

Julia injured her book, and soiled mine:  hers is better than mine.  My friend sacrificed his fortune to secure yours:  his deeds deserve reward; yours merit disgrace.  Henry’s labors are past; thine are to come.  We leave your forests of beasts for ours of men.  My sword and yours are kin.

NOTE. She understood, is nominative to soiled, in the first example; and the substantive part of mine, after than, is nom. to is, understood:  Rule 35.  The verbs to secure and to come have no nominative.  The pronouns mine, my, yours, thine, we, your, ours, my, and yours, personate nouns understood.