Note.  We cannot be wise and good without the taking pains for it.

    The changing times and seasons, the removing and setting up kings,
    belong to Providence alone.

    These are the rules of grammar, by observing of which you may avoid
    mistakes.

RULE XXVII.

The present participle refers to some noun or pronoun denoting the subject or actor; as, “I see a boy running.”

RULE XXVIII.

The perfect participle belongs, like an adjective, to some noun or pronoun, expressed or understood; as, “I saw the boy abused.”

    NOTE 1.  Participles of neuter verbs have the same case after them as
    before them; as, “Pontius Pilate being Governor of Judea, and
    Herod being Tetrarch,” &c.

2.  A participle with its adjuncts, may sometimes be considered as a substantive or participial phrase, which phrase may be the subject of a verb, or the object of a verb or preposition; as, “Taking from another without his knowledge or assent, is called stealing; He studied to avoid expressing himself too severely; I cannot fail of having money, &c.; By promising much and performing but little, we become despicable.”

3.  As the perfect participle and the imperfect tense of irregular verbs, are sometimes different in their form, care must be taken that they be not indiscriminately used.  It is frequently said, ’He begun,’ for ‘he began;’ ‘He run,’ for ‘he ran;’ ‘He come,’ for ’he came;’ the participles being here used instead of the imperfect tense; and much more frequently is the imperfect tense employed instead of the participle; as, ‘I had wrote,’ for ‘I had written;’ ‘I was chose,’ for ‘I was chosen;’ ‘I have eat,’ for ‘I have eaten.’  ’He would have spoke;’—­spoken.  ’He overrun his guide;’—­overran.  ’The sun had rose;’—­risen.

FALSE SYNTAX.

    I seen him.  I have saw many a one.

Seen is improper, the perfect participle being used instead of the imperfect tense of the verb.  It ought to be, “I saw him,” according to Note 3, Have saw is also erroneous, the imperfect tense being employed instead of the perfect participle.  The perfect tense of a verb is formed by combining the auxiliary have with its perfect participle:  therefore the sentence should be written thus, “I have seen many a one:”  Note 3.

    Note 3.  He done me no harm, for I had wrote my letter before he
    come home.

    Had not that misfortune befel my cousin, he would have went to
    Europe long ago.

    The sun had already arose, when I began my journey.

    Since the work is began, it must be prosecuted.

    The French language is spoke in every state in Europe.

    He writes as the best authors would have wrote, had they writ on the
    same subject.