its tenses. Ought is in the present tense when the infinitive following it is in the present; as, “He ought to do it;” and ought is in the imperfect tense when followed by the perfect of the infinitive; as, “He ought to have done it.”

Before you proceed to the analysis of the following examples, you may read over the last three lectures carefully and attentively; and as soon as you become acquainted with all that has been presented, you will understand nearly all the principles and regular constructions of our language.  In parsing a verb, or any other part of speech, be careful to pursue the systematic order, and to conjugate every verb until you become familiar with all the moods and tenses.

    “He should have been punished before he committed that atrocious
    deed.”

Should have been punished is a verb, a word that signifies to do—­passive, it denotes action received or endured by the nom.—­it is formed by adding the perfect part, punished to the neuter verb to be—­regular, the perf. part, ends in ed—­potential mood, it implies obligation, &c.—­pluperfect tense, it denotes a past act which was prior to the other past time specified by “committed”—­third pers. sing. num. because the nom. “he” is with which it agrees:  RULE 4. The verb must agree, &c.—­Conjugated, Indic. mood, pres. tense, he is punished; imperf. tense, he was punished; perf. tense, he has been punished; and so on.  Conjugate it through all the moods and tenses, and speak the participles.

EXERCISES IN PARSING.

Columbus discovered America.  America was discovered by Columbus.  The preceptor is writing a letter.  The letter is written by the preceptor.  The work can be done.  The house would have been built ere this, had he fulfilled his promise.  If I be beaten by that man, he will be punished.  Young man, if you wish to be respected, you must be more assiduous.  Being ridiculed and despised, he left the institution.  He is reading Homer.  They are talking.  He may be respected, if he become more ingenuous.  My worthy friend ought to be honored for his benevolent deeds.  This ought ye to have done.

ADDITIONAL EXERCISES IN PARSING.

All the most important principles of the science, together with many of the rules, have now been presented and illustrated.  But before you proceed to analyze the following exercises, you may turn over a few pages, and you will find all the rules presented in a body.  Please to examine them critically, and parse the examples under each rule and note.  The examples, you will notice, are given to illustrate the respective rules and notes under which they are placed; hence, by paying particular attention to them, you will be enabled fully and clearly to comprehend the meaning and application of all the rules and notes.

As soon as you become familiarly acquainted with all the definitions so that you can apply them with facility, you may omit them in parsing; but you must always apply the rules of Syntax.  When you parse without applying the definitions, you may proceed in the following manner: