English Grammar in Familiar Lectures eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 386 pages of information about English Grammar in Familiar Lectures.

English Grammar in Familiar Lectures eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 386 pages of information about English Grammar in Familiar Lectures.

    NOTE.  This conjugation of the passive verb to be loved, is called
    the passive, voice of the regular active-transitive verb to
    love
.

Now conjugate the following passive verbs; that is, speak them in the first pers. sing, and plur. of each tense, through all the moods, and speak the participles; “to be loved, to be rejected, to be slighted, to be conquered, to be seen, to be beaten, to be sought, to be taken.”

NOTE 1.  When the perfect participle of an intransitive verb is joined to the neuter verb to be, the combination is not a passive verb, but a neuter verb in a passive form; as, “He is gone; The birds are flown; The boy is grown_; My friend is arrived.”  The following mode of construction, is, in general, to be preferred; “He has gone; The birds have flown; The boy has grown; My Friend has arrived.”
2.  Active and neuter verbs may be conjugated by adding their present participle to the auxiliary verb to be, through all its variations; as, instead of, I teach, thou teachest, he teaches, &c., we may say, I am teaching, thou art teaching, he is teaching, &c.; and, instead of, I taught, &c.; I was teaching, &c.  This mode of conjugation expresses the continuation of an action or state of being; and has, on some occasions, a peculiar propriety, and contributes to the harmony and precision of language.  When the present participle of an active verb is joined with the neuter verb to be, the two words united, are, by some grammarians, denominated an active verb, either transitive or intransitive, as the case may be; as, “I am writing a letter; He is walking:”  and when the present participle of a neuter verb is thus employed, they term the combination a neuter verb; as, “I am sitting; He is standing.”  Others, in constructions like these, parse each word separately.  Either mode may be adopted.

* * * * *

III.  DEFECTIVE VERBS.

DEFECTIVE VERBS are those which are used only in some of the moods and tenses.

The principal of them are these.

Pres.  Tense.  Imperf.  Tense.  Perfect or Passive Participle
                                              is wanting
.

May,                     might.                ------------
Can,                     could.                ------------
Will,                    would.                ------------
Shall,                   should.               ------------
Must,                    must.                 ------------
Ought,                   ought.                ------------
-----                    quoth.                ------------
NOTE. Must and ought are not varied. Ought and quoth are never used as auxiliaries. Ought is always followed by a verb in the infinitive mood, which verb determines
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