Who supplies the place of which or what and its personal noun. Who came? i.e. what man, what woman, what person;—­which man, woman, or person, came?  “They heard what I said”—­they heard that (thing) which (thing) I said.  “Take what (or whichever) course you please;”—­take that course which (course) you please to take. “What have you done?” i.e. what thing, act, or deed have you done? “Which thing I also did at Jerusalem.” “Which will you take?”—­which book, hat, or something else?  “This is the tree which (tree) produces no fruit.”  “He that (man, or which man) acts wisely, deserves praise.”

They who prefer this method of treating the “relatives,” are at liberty to adopt it, and parse accordingly.

EXERCISES IN PARSING.

The man who instructs you, labors faithfully.  The boy whom I instruct, learns well.  The lady whose house we occupy, bestows many charities.  That modesty which highly adorns a woman, she possesses.  He that acts wisely deserves praise.  This is the tree which produces no fruit.  I believe what He says.  He speaks what he knows.  Whatever purifies the heart, also fortifies it.  What doest[5] thou?  Nothing.  What book have you?  A poem.  Whose hat have you?  John’s.  Who does that work?  Henry.  Whom seest thou?  To whom gave you the present?  Which pen did he take?  Whom ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you.  I heard what he said.  George, you may pursue whatever science suits your taste.  Eliza, take whichever pattern pleases you best.  Whoever lives to see this republic forsake her moral and literary institutions, will behold her liberties prostrated.  Whosoever, therefore, will be a friend of the world, is the enemy of God.

[5] The second person singular of do, when used as a principal verb, is spelled with an e; thus, “What thou doest, do quickly;” but when employed as an auxiliary, the e should be omitted; as, “Dost thou not behold a rock with its head of heath?”

NOTE.  The nominative case is frequently placed after the verb, and the objective case, before the verb that governs it. Whom, in every sentence except one, house, modesty, book, hat, pen, him, the third what and which, the relative part of the first two whats, are all in the objective case, and governed by the several verbs that follow them.  See RULE 16, and NOTE 1. Tree is nom. after is, according to RULE 21.  Thing, the antecedent part of whatever, is nom. to “fortifies;” which, the relative part, is nom. to “purifies.” Nothing is governed by do, and poem, by have, understood. Henry is nominative to does, understood. Whose and John’s are governed according to RULE 12. I, thou, you,