“One man instructs many others.”  One is an adjective pronoun, or specifying adjective, it specifically points out a noun—­indefinite, it expresses its subject in an indefinite or general manner, and belongs to the noun “man,” according to RULE 19. Adjective pronouns belong to nouns, expressed or understood.

Others is a compound pronoun, including both an adjective pronoun and a noun, and is equivalent to other men. Other is an adjective pronoun, it is used specifically to describe its noun—­indefinite, it expresses its subject in an indefinite manner, and belongs to men:  Rule 19. (Repeat the rule.) Men is a noun, a name denoting persons—­common, &c. (parse it in full;) and in the objective case, it is the object of the action expressed by the transitive verb “instructs,” and gov. by it:  Rule 20. Active-transitive verbs, &c.

    “Those books are mine.”

Those is an adjective pronoun, it specifies what noun is referred to—­demonstrative, it precisely points out the subject to which it relates—­and agrees with the noun “books” in the plural number, according to NOTE 1, under Rule 19. Adjective pronouns must agree in number with their nouns.

Mine is a compound personal pronoun, including both the possessor and the thing possessed, and is equivalent to my books. My is a pron. a word used instead of a noun—­personal, it stands for the name of the person speaking—­first person, it denotes the speaker—­sing. number, it implies but one—­and in the poss. case, it denotes possession, and is gov. by “books,” according to Rule 12. (Repeat the rule, and decline the pronoun.) Books is a noun, the name of a thing—­common, &c. (parse it in full;)—­and in the nominative case after “are,” according to RULE 21. The verb to be admits the same case after it as before it.

EXERCISES IN PARSING.

Each individual fills a space in creation.  Every man helps a little.  These men rank among the great ones of the world.  That book belongs to the tutor, this belongs to me.  Some men labor, others labor not; the former increase in wealth, the latter decrease.  The boy wounded the old bird, and stole the young ones.  None performs his duty too well.  None of those poor wretches complain of their miserable lot.

NOTE.  In parsing the distributive pronominal adjectives, NOTE 2, undo Rule 19, should be applied.

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III.  OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS.

Relative Pronouns are such as relate, in general, to some word or phrase going before, which is called the antecedent.  They are who, which, and that.

The word antecedent, comes from the two Latin words, ante, before, and cedo, to go.  Hence you perceive, that antecedent means going before; thus, “The man is happy who lives virtuously; This is the lady who relieved my wants; Thou who lovest wisdom, &c. We who speak from experience,” &c.  The relative who, in these sentences, relates to the several words, man, lady, thou, and we, which words, you observe, come before the relative:  they are, therefore, properly called antecedents.