allowed to dine at home whenever they were late for dinner in consequence of a sacrifice or a hunting expedition, but the rest of the company had to be present.  This custom of eating in common lasted for very many years.  When King Agis returned from his victorious campaign against the Athenians, and wished to dine at home with his wife, he sent for his share of the public dinner, and the polemarchs refused to let him have it.  As next day, through anger, he did not offer the customary sacrifice, they fined him.  Boys were taken to the public tables, as though they were schools of good manners; and there they listened to discourses on politics, and saw models of gentlemanly behaviour, and learned how to jest with one another, joking without vulgarity, and being made the subjects of jokes without losing their temper.  Indeed, it was considered peculiarly Laconian to be able to take a joke; however, if the victim could not, he was entitled to ask that it should go no farther.  As they came in, the eldest present said to each man, pointing to the door, “Through this no tale passes.”

It is said that they voted for a new member of a mess in this manner.  Each man took a piece of bread crumb and threw it in silence into a vessel, which a servant carried on his head.  Those who voted for the new member threw in their bread as it was, those who voted against, crushed it flat in their hands.  If even one of these crushed pieces be found, they rejected the candidate, as they wished all members of the society to be friendly.  The candidate was said to be rejected by the kaddichus, which is their name for the bowl into which the bread is thrown.

The “black broth” was the most esteemed of their luxuries, insomuch that the elder men did not care for any meat, but always handed it over to the young, and regaled themselves on this broth.  It is related that, in consequence of the celebrity of this broth, one of the kings of Pontus obtained a Laconian cook, but when he tasted it he did not like it.  His cook thereupon said, “O king, those who eat this broth must first bathe in the Eurotas.”  After drinking wine in moderation the guests separate, without any torches; for it is not permitted to walk with a light on this or any other occasion, in order that they may accustom themselves to walk fearlessly and safely in the dark.  This then is the way in which the common dining-tables are managed.

XII.  Lykurgus did not establish any written laws; indeed, this is distinctly forbidden by one of the so-called Rhetras.

He thought that the principles of most importance for the prosperity and honour of the state would remain most securely fixed if implanted in the citizens by habit and training, as they would then be followed from choice rather than necessity; for his method of education made each of them into a lawgiver like himself.  The trifling conventions of everyday life were best left undefined by hard-and-fast laws,