7.  In the moment when he ceases to help us as a cause, he begins to help us more as an effect.

8.  Socrates took away all ignominy from the place, which could not be a prison whilst he was there.

9.  This is perhaps the reason why we so seldom hear ghosts except in our long-established Dutch settlements.

10.  From the moment you lose sight of the land you have left, all is vacancy.

11.  Nature waited tranquilly for the hour to be struck when man should arrive.

Adverbial Clauses.

377.  The adverb clause takes the place of an adverb in modifying a verb, a verbal, an adjective, or an adverb.  The student has met with many adverb clauses in his study of the subjunctive mood and of subordinate conjunctions; but they require careful study, and will be given in detail, with examples.

378.  Adverb clauses are of the following kinds: 

(1) TIME:  “As we go, the milestones are grave-stones;” “He had gone but a little way before he espied a foul fiend coming;” “When he was come up to Christian, he beheld him with a disdainful countenance.”

(2) PLACE:  “Wherever the sentiment of right comes in, it takes precedence of everything else;” “He went several times to England, where he does not seem to have attracted any attention.”

(3) REASON, or CAUSE:  “His English editor lays no stress on his discoveries, since he was too great to care to be original;” “I give you joy that truth is altogether wholesome.”

(4) MANNER:  “The knowledge of the past is valuable only as it leads us to form just calculations with respect to the future;” “After leaving the whole party under the table, he goes away as if nothing had happened.”

(5) DEGREE, or COMPARISON:  “They all become wiser than they were;” “The right conclusion is, that we should try, so far as we can, to make up our shortcomings;” “Master Simon was in as chirping a humor as a grasshopper filled with dew [is];” “The broader their education is, the wider is the horizon of their thought.”  The first clause in the last sentence is dependent, expressing the degree in which the horizon, etc., is wider.

(6) PURPOSE:  “Nature took us in hand, shaping our actions, so that we might not be ended untimely by too gross disobedience.”

(7) RESULT, or CONSEQUENCE:  “He wrote on the scale of the mind itself, so that all things have symmetry in his tablet;” “The window was so far superior to every other in the church, that the vanquished artist killed himself from mortification.”

(8) CONDITION:  “If we tire of the saints, Shakespeare is our city of refuge;” “Who cares for that, so thou gain aught wider and nobler?” “You can die grandly, and as goddesses would die were goddesses mortal.”

(9) CONCESSION, introduced by indefinite relatives, adverbs, and adverbial conjunctions,—­whoever, whatever, however, etc.:  “But still, however good she may be as a witness, Joanna is better;” “Whatever there may remain of illiberal in discussion, there is always something illiberal in the severer aspects of study.”