(e) Pick out the modifiers of the predicate:—­

1.  It moves from one flower to another like a gleam of light, upwards, downwards, to the right and to the left.

2.  And hark! like the roar of the billows on the shore,
     The cry of battle rises along their changing line.

3.  Their intention was to have a gay, happy dinner, after their long confinement to a ship, at the chief hotel.

4.  That night, in little peaceful Easedale, six children sat by a peat fire, expecting the return of their parents.

Compound Subject, Compound Predicate, etc.

[Sidenote:  Not compound sentences.]

353.  Frequently in a simple sentence the writer uses two or more predicates to the same subject, two or more subjects of the same predicate, several modifiers, complements, etc.; but it is to be noticed that, in all such sentences as we quote below, the writers of them purposely combined them in single statements, and they are not to be expanded into compound sentences.  In a compound sentence the object is to make two or more full statements.

Examples of compound subjects are, “By degrees Rip’s awe and apprehension subsided;” “The name of the child, the air of the mother, the tone of her voice,—­all awakened a train of recollections in his mind.”

Sentences with compound predicates are, “The company broke up, and returned to the more important concerns of the election;” “He shook his head, shouldered the rusty firelock, and, with a heart full of trouble and anxiety, turned his steps homeward.”

Sentences with compound objects of the same verb are, “He caught his daughter and her child in his arms;” “Voyages and travels I would also have.”

And so with complements, modifiers, etc.

Logical Subject and Logical Predicate.

354.  The logical subject is the simple or grammatical subject, together with all its modifiers.

The logical predicate is the simple or grammatical predicate (that is, the verb), together with its modifiers, and its object or complement.

[Sidenote:  Larger view of a sentence.]

It is often a help to the student to find the logical subject and predicate first, then the grammatical subject and predicate.  For example, in the sentence, “The situation here contemplated exposes a dreadful ulcer, lurking far down in the depths of human nature,” the logical subject is the situation here contemplated, and the rest is the logical predicate.  Of this, the simple subject is situation; the predicate, exposes; the object, ulcer, etc.

Independent Elements of the Sentence.

355.  The following words and expressions are grammatically independent of the rest of the sentence; that is, they are not a necessary part, do not enter into its structure:—­