(b) Of result.

     Gates of iron so massy that no man could without the help of
     engines open or shut them.—­JOHNSON.

(c) Substantive conjunction.

     We wish that labor may look up here, and be proud in the midst
     of its toil.—­WEBSTER.

WHAT.

330. (1) Relative pronoun.

     That is what I understand by scientific education.—­HUXLEY.

(a) Indefinite relative.

     Those shadowy recollections,
     Which be they what they may,
     Are yet the fountain light of all our day.—­WORDSWORTH.

(2) Interrogative pronoun:  (a) Direct question.

     What would be an English merchant’s character after a few such
     transactions?—­THACKERAY.

(b) Indirect question.

     I have not allowed myself to look beyond the Union, to see what
     might be hidden.—­WEBSTER.

(3) Indefinite pronoun: The saying, “I’ll tell you what.”

(4) Relative adjective.

     But woe to what thing or person stood in the way.—­EMERSON.

(a) Indefinite relative adjective.

     To say what good of fashion we can, it rests on reality.—­Id.

(5) Interrogative adjective:  (a) Direct question.

     What right have you to infer that this condition was caused by
     the action of heat?—­AGASSIZ.

(b) Indirect question.

     At what rate these materials would be distributed,...it is
     impossible to determine.—­Id.

(6) Exclamatory adjective.

     Saint Mary! what a scene is here!—­SCOTT.

(7) Adverb of degree.

     If he has [been in America], he knows what good people are to
     be found there.—­THACKERAY.

(8) Conjunction, nearly equivalent to partly... partly, or not only...but.

What with the Maltese goats, who go tinkling by to their pasturage; what with the vocal seller of bread in the early morning;...these sounds are only to be heard...in Pera.—­S.S.  Cox.

(9) As an exclamation.

     What, silent still, and silent all!—­BYRON.

     What, Adam Woodcock at court!—­SCOTT.

BUT.

331. (1) Cooerdinate conjunction:  (a) Adversative.

     His very attack was never the inspiration of courage, but the
     result of calculation.—­EMERSON.

(b) Copulative, after not only.

     Then arose not only tears, but piercing cries, on all sides. 
     —­CARLYLE.