On this solid plan he fixed every prince that was concerned in the preceding wars, on the one side and on the other, in an happy and easy settlement.  He restored Sujah ul Dowlah, who had been driven from his dominions by the military arm of Great Britain, to the rank of Vizier, and to the dominion of the territories of Oude.  With a generosity that astonished all Asia, he reinstated this expelled enemy of his nation peaceably upon his throne.  And this act of politic generosity did more towards quieting the minds of the people of Asia than all the terror, great as it was, of the English arms.  At the same time, Lord Clive, generous to all, took peculiar care of our friends and allies.  He took care of Bulwant Sing, the great Rajah of Benares, who had taken our part in the war.  He secured him from the revenge of Sujah ul Dowlah.  The Mogul had granted us the superiority over Bulwant Sing.  Lord Clive reestablished him in a secure, easy independency.  He confirmed him, under the British guaranty, in the rich principality which he held.

The Mogul, the head of the Mussulman religion in India, and of the Indian empire, a head honored and esteemed even in its ruins, he procured to be recognized by all the persons that were connected with his empire.  The rents that ought to be paid to the Vizier of the Empire he gave to the Vizierate.  Thus our alliances were cemented, our enemies were reconciled, all Asia was conciliated by our settlement with the king.  To that unhappy fugitive king, driven from place to place, the sport of fortune, now an emperor and now a prisoner, prayed for in every mosque in which his authority was conspired against, one day opposed by the coin struck in his name and the other day sold for it,—­to this descendant of Tamerlane he allotted, with a decent share of royal dignity, an honorable fixed residence, where he might be useful and could not be dangerous.

As to the Bengal provinces, he did not take for the Company the viceroyalty, as Mr. Holwell would have persuaded, almost forced, the Company to do; but, to satisfy the prejudices of the Mahomedans, the country was left in the hands nominally of the Subah, or viceroy, who was to administer the criminal justice and the exterior forms of royalty.  He obtained from the sovereign the dewanny.  This is the great act of the constitutional entrance of the Company into the body politic of India.  It gave to the settlement of Bengal a fixed constitutional form, with a legal title, acknowledged and recognized now for the first time by all the natural powers of the country, because it arose from the charter of the undoubted sovereign.  The dewanny, or high-stewardship, gave to the Company the collection and management of the revenue; and in this modest and civil character they appeared, not the oppressors, but the protectors of the people.  This scheme had all the real power, without any invidious appearance of it; it gave them the revenue, without