1.  They differ in their efficient cause or author, whence they are derived.  Magistratical power is from God, the Creator and Governor of the world, Rom. xiii. 1, 2, 4; and so belongs to all mankind, heathen or Christian; ecclesiastical power is peculiarly from Jesus Christ our Mediator, Lord of the Church, (who hath all power given him, and the government of the Church laid upon his shoulder, as Eph. i. 22; Matt. xxviii. 18, compared with Isa. ix. 16.) See Matt. vi. 19, and xviii. 18, and xxviii. 19, 20; John xx. 21-23; 2 Cor. x. 8:  and consequently belongs properly to the Church, and to them that are within the Church, 1 Cor. v. 12, 13.  Magistratical power in general is the ordinance of God, Rom. xiii. 1, 2, 4; but magistratical power in particular, whether it should be monarchical in a king, aristocratical in states, democratical in the people, &c., is of men, called, therefore, a human creature, or creation, 1 Pet. ii. 13; but ecclesiastical power, and officers in particular, as well as general, are from Christ, Matt. xvi. 19, and xxviii. 18-20; Tit. iii. 10; 1 Cor. v. 13; 2 Cor. ii.  For officers, see Eph. iv. 11, 12; 1 Cor. xii. 28.

2.  They differ in their material cause; whether it be the matter of which they consist, in which they are seated, or about which they are exercised. 1.  In respect of the matter of which they consist, they much differ.  Ecclesiastical power consists of the keys of the kingdom of heaven, which are exercised in the preaching of the word, dispensing the sacraments, executing the censures, admonition, excommunication, absolution, ordination of presbyters, &c.; but magistratical power consists in the secular sword, which puts forth itself in making statutes, inflicting fines, imprisonments, confiscations, banishments, torments, death. 2.  In respect of the matter or object about which they are exercised, they much differ:  for, the magistratical power is exercised politically, about persons and things without the Church, as well as within the church; but the ecclesiastical power is exercised only upon them that are within the Church, 1 Cor. v. 13.  The magistratical power in some cases of treason, &c., banishes or otherwise punishes even penitent persons:  ecclesiastical power punishes no penitent persons.  The magistratical power punishes not all sorts of scandal, but some:  the ecclesiastical power punishes (if rightly managed) all sorts of scandal.

3.  They differ in their formal cause, as doth clearly appear by their way or manner of acting:  magistratical power takes cognizance of crimes, and passes sentence thereupon according to statutes and laws made by man:  ecclesiastical power takes cognizance of, and passes judgment upon crimes according to the word of God, the Holy Scriptures.  Magistratical power punishes merely with political punishments, as fines, imprisonments, &c.  Ecclesiastical merely with spiritual punishments, as church censures.  Magistratical power makes all decrees and laws, and