enumerated. 2. The denomination of these officers,
governments, evidenceth that they are governing
officers, vested with rule in the Church. This
word (as hath been noted in chap. II.) is a metaphor
from pilots or shipmasters governing of their ships
by their compass, helm, &c., James iii. 4, (who is
hence called governor, viz. of the ship,
Acts xxvii. 11; Rev. xviii. 17,) and it notes such
officers as sit at the stern of the vessel of the
Church, to govern and guide it in spirituals according
to the will and mind of Christ: governments—the
abstract is put for governors, the concrete: this
name of governments hath engraven upon it an evident
character of power for governing. But this will
be easily granted by all. All the doubt will be,
whom the apostle intended by these governments?
Thus conceive, negatively, these cannot be meant,
viz. not governors in general, for, besides that
a general exists not but in the particular kinds or
individuals thereof, a member of a body in general
exists not but in this or that particular member,
eye, hand, foot, &c.: besides this, it is evident
that Christ hath not only in general appointed governors
in his Church, and left particulars to the church
or magistrate’s determination, but hath himself
descended to the particular determination of the several
kinds of officers which he will have in his Church;
compare these places together, Eph. iv. 7, 11, 12;
1 Cor. xii. 28; Rom. xii. 7, 8: though in the
ordinance of magistracy God hath only settled the general,
but for the particular kinds of it, whether it should
be monarchical, &c., that is left to the prudence
of the several commonwealths to determine what is
fittest for themselves. (See Part 2, chap. IX.)
2. Not masters of families: for all families
are not in the Church, pagan families are without.
No family as a family is either a church or any part
of a church, (in the notion that church is here spoken
of;) and though masters of families be governors in
their own houses, yet their power is not ecclesiastical
but economical or domestical, common to heathens as
well as Christians. Not the political magistrate,[54]
for the reasons hinted, (Part 1, chap. I.; see
also Part 2, chap. IX.,) and for divers other
arguments that might be propounded. 4. Not the
prelatical bishops, pretending to be an order above
preaching presbyters, and to have the reins of all
church government in their hands only; for, in Scripture
language, bishop and presbyter are all one order, (these
words being only names of the same officer;) this
is evident by comparing Tit. i. 5, with ver. 7.
Hereunto also the judgment of antiquity evidently
subscribeth, accounting a bishop and a presbyter to
be one and the same officer in the church; as appears
particularly in Ambrose, Theodoret, Hierom, and others.
Now, if there be no such order as prelatical bishops,
consequently they cannot be governments in the church.
5. Not the same with helps, as the former