[Footnote 2:  Hirth, op. cit. p. 174. 775 is often wrongly given.]

[Footnote 3:  See Hirth, op. cit., p. 100 ff.]

[Footnote 4:  On this subject, see Professor Giles’s Confucianism and its Rivals, Williams & Norgate, 1915, Lecture I, especially p. 9.]

[Footnote 5:  Cf.  Henri Cordier, Histoire Generale de la Chine, Paris, 1920, vol. i. p. 213.]

[Footnote 6:  Outlines of Chinese History (Shanghai, Commercial Press, 1914), p. 61.]

[Footnote 7:  See Hirth, China and the Roman Orient (Leipzig and Shanghai, 1885), an admirable and fascinating monograph.  There are allusions to the Chinese in Virgil and Horace; cf.  Cordier, op. cit., i. p. 271.]

[Footnote 8:  Cordier, op. cit. i. p. 281.]

[Footnote 9:  Cordier, op. cit. i. p. 237.]

[Footnote 10:  Murdoch, in his History of Japan (vol. i. p. 146), thus describes the greatness of the early Tang Empire: 

“In the following year (618) Li Yuen, Prince of T’ang, established the illustrious dynasty of that name, which continued to sway the fortunes of China for nearly three centuries (618-908).  After a brilliant reign of ten years he handed over the imperial dignity to his son, Tai-tsung (627-650), perhaps the greatest monarch the Middle Kingdom has ever seen.  At this time China undoubtedly stood in the very forefront of civilization.  She was then the most powerful, the most enlightened, the most progressive, and the best governed empire, not only in Asia, but on the face of the globe.  Tai-tsung’s frontiers reached from the confines of Persia, the Caspian Sea, and the Altai of the Kirghis steppe, along these mountains to the north side of the Gobi desert eastward to the inner Hing-an, while Sogdiana, Khorassan, and the regions around the Hindu Rush also acknowledged his suzerainty.  The sovereign of Nepal and Magadha in India sent envoys; and in 643 envoys appeared from the Byzantine Empire and the Court of Persia.”]

[Footnote 11:  Cordier, op. cit. ii. p. 212.]

[Footnote 12:  Cordier, op. cit. ii. p. 339.]

[Footnote 13:  Cordier, op. cit. i. p. 484.]

[Footnote 14:  The Truth About China and Japan.  George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., pp. 13, 14.]

[Footnote 15:  For example, the nearest approach that could be made in Chinese to my own name was “Lo-Su.”  There is a word “Lo,” and a word “Su,” for both of which there are characters; but no combination of characters gives a better approximation to the sound of my name.]

[Footnote 16:  Giles, op. cit., p. 74.  Professor Giles adds, a propos of the phrase “maintaining always a due reserve,” the following footnote:  “Dr. Legge has ‘to keep aloof from them,’ which would be equivalent to ‘have nothing to do with them.’  Confucius seems rather to have meant ‘no familiarity.’”]

[Footnote 17:  Op. cit., p. 21.]

[Footnote 18:  Giles, op. cit. p. 86.]