but contact with the West is rapidly introducing new aptitudes and a new mentality.  There is, therefore, every reason to expect, if political conditions are not too adverse, that the industrial development of China will proceed rapidly throughout the next few decades.  It is of vital importance that that development should be controlled by the Chinese rather than by foreign nations.  But that is part of the larger problem of the recovery of Chinese independence, with which I shall deal in my last chapter.

FOOTNOTES: 

[Footnote 99:  For the history of Chinese railways, see Tyau, op. cit. pp. 183 ff.]

[Footnote 100:  China in 1918.  Published by the Peking Leader, pp. 45-6.]

[Footnote 101:  Op. cit. chap. xi.]

[Footnote 102:  China in 1918, p. 26.  There is perhaps some mistake in the figures given for iron ore, as the Tayeh mines alone are estimated by some to contain 700,000,000 tons of iron ore.  Coleman, op cit. p. 51.]

[Footnote 103:  Page 63.  The 1922 Year Book gives 19,500,000 tons of coal production.]

[Footnote 104:  Modern China, p, 265.]

[Footnote 105:  Pages 74-5.]

[Footnote 106:  Coleman, op. cit. chap. xiv.]

[Footnote 107:  It seems it would be inaccurate to maintain that there is nothing on the subject in the Gospels.  An eminent American divine pointed out in print, as regards the advice against laying up treasure where moth and rust doth corrupt, that “moth and rust do not get at Mr. Rockefeller’s oil wells, and thieves do not often break through and steal a railway.  What Jesus condemned was hoarding wealth.”  See Upton Sinclair, The Profits of Religion, 1918, p. 175.]

[Footnote 108:  Page 237.]

[Footnote 109:  Page 218.]

CHAPTER XV

THE OUTLOOK FOR CHINA

In this chapter I propose to take, as far as I am able, the standpoint of a progressive and public-spirited Chinese, and consider what reforms, in what order, I should advocate in that case.

To begin with, it is clear that China must be saved by her own efforts, and cannot rely upon outside help.  In the international situation, China has had both good and bad fortune.  The Great War was unfortunate, because it gave Japan temporarily a free hand; the collapse of Tsarist Russia was fortunate, because it put an end to the secret alliance of Russians and Japanese; the Anglo-Japanese Alliance was unfortunate, because it compelled us to abet Japanese aggression even against our own economic interests; the friction between Japan and America was fortunate; but the agreement arrived at by the Washington Conference, though momentarily advantageous as regards Shantung, is likely, in the long run, to prove unfortunate, since it will make America less willing to oppose Japan.  For reasons