What, meanwhile, is China’s interest?  What would be ideally best for China would be to recover Manchuria and Shantung, and then be let alone.  The anarchy in China might take a long time to subside, but in the end some system suited to China would be established.  The artificial ending of Chinese anarchy by outside interference means the establishment of some system convenient for foreign trade and industry, but probably quite unfitted to the needs of the Chinese themselves.  The English in the seventeenth century, the French in the eighteenth, the Americans in the nineteenth, and the Russians in our own day, have passed through years of anarchy and civil war, which were essential to their development, and could not have been curtailed by outside interference without grave detriment to the final solution.  So it is with China.  Western political ideas have swept away the old imperial system, but have not yet proved strong enough to put anything stable in its place.  The problem of transforming China into a modern country is a difficult one, and foreigners ought to be willing to have some patience while the Chinese attempt its solution.  They understand their own country, and we do not.  If they are let alone, they will, in the end, find a solution suitable to their character, which we shall certainly not do.  A solution slowly reached by themselves may be stable, whereas one prematurely imposed by outside Powers will be artificial and therefore unstable.

There is, however, very little hope that the decisions reached by the Washington Conference will permanently benefit China, and a considerable chance that they may do quite the reverse.  In Manchuria the status quo is to be maintained, while in Shantung the Japanese have made concessions, the value of which only time can show.  The Four Powers—­America, Great Britain, France, and Japan—­have agreed to exploit China in combination, not competitively.  There is a consortium as regards loans, which will have the power of the purse and will therefore be the real Government of China.  As the Americans are the only people who have much spare capital, they will control the consortium.  As they consider their civilization the finest in the world, they will set to work to turn the Chinese into muscular Christians.  As the financiers are the most splendid feature of the American civilization, China must be so governed as to enrich the financiers, who will in return establish colleges and hospitals and Y.M.C.A.’s throughout the length and breadth of the land, and employ agents to buy up the artistic treasures of China for sepulture in their mansions.  Chinese intellect, like that of America, will be, directly or indirectly, in the pay of the Trust magnates, and therefore no effective voice will be, raised in favour of radical reform.  The inauguration of this system will be welcomed even by some Socialists in the West as a great victory for peace and freedom.