It was with this primary object of establishing order that you went into Egypt twenty-eight years ago; and the chief and ample justification for your presence in Egypt was this absolute necessity of order being established from without, coupled with your ability and willingness to establish it.  Now, either you have the right to be in Egypt or you have not; either it is or it is not your duty to establish and keep order.  If you feel that you have not the right to be in Egypt, if you do not wish to establish and to keep order there, why, then, by all means get out of Egypt.  If, as I hope, you feel that your duty to civilized mankind and your fealty to your own great traditions alike bid you to stay, then make the fact and the name agree and show that you are ready to meet in very deed the responsibility which is yours.  It is the thing, not the form, which is vital; if the present forms of government in Egypt, established by you in the hope that they would help the Egyptians upward, merely serve to provoke and permit disorder, then it is for you to alter the forms; for if you stay in Egypt it is your first duty to keep order, and above all things also to punish murder and to bring to justice all who directly or indirectly incite others to commit murder or condone the crime when it is committed.  When a people treats assassination as the corner-stone of self-government, it forfeits all right to be treated as worthy of self-government.  You are in Egypt for several purposes, and among them one of the greatest is the benefit of the Egyptian people.  You saved them from ruin by coming in, and at the present moment, if they are not governed from outside, they will again sink into a welter of chaos.  Some nation must govern Egypt.  I hope and believe that you will decide that it is your duty to be that nation.

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BIOLOGICAL ANALOGIES IN HISTORY[15]

[15] The text of this Lecture, which is the Romanes Lecture for 1910, is included in the present volume under the courteous permission of the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford.—­L.F.A.

Delivered at Oxford, June 7, 1910

An American who in response to such an invitation as I have received speaks in this University of ancient renown, cannot but feel with peculiar vividness the interest and charm of his surroundings, fraught as they are with a thousand associations.  Your great universities, and all the memories that make them great, are living realities in the minds of scores of thousands of men who have never seen them and who dwell across the seas in other lands.  Moreover, these associations are no stronger in the men of English stock than in those who are not.  My people have been for eight generations in America; but in one thing I am like the Americans of to-morrow, rather than like many of the Americans of to-day; for I have in my veins the blood of men who came from many different