Remember that character is far more important than intellect, and that a really great university should strive to develop the qualities that go to make up character even more than the qualities that go to make up a highly trained mind.  No man can reach the front rank if he is not intelligent and if he is not trained with intelligence; but mere intelligence by itself is worse than useless unless it is guided by an upright heart, unless there are also strength and courage behind it.  Morality, decency, clean living, courage, manliness, self-respect—­these qualities are more important in the make-up of a people than any mental subtlety.  Shape this University’s course so that it shall help in the production of a constantly upward trend for all your people.

You should be always on your guard against one defect in Western education.  There has been altogether too great a tendency in the higher schools of learning in the West to train men merely for literary, professional, and official positions; altogether too great a tendency to act as if a literary education were the only real education.  I am exceedingly glad that you have already started industrial and agricultural schools in Egypt.  A literary education is simply one of many different kinds of education, and it is not wise that more than a small percentage of the people of any country should have an exclusively literary education.  The average man must either supplement it by another education, or else as soon as he has left an institution of learning, even though he has benefited by it, he must at once begin to train himself to do work along totally different lines.  His Highness the Khedive, in the midst of his activities touching many phases of Egyptian life, has shown conspicuous wisdom, great foresight, and keen understanding of the needs of the country in the way in which he has devoted himself to its agricultural betterment, in the interest which he has taken in the improvement of cattle, crops, etc.  You need in this country, as is the case in every other country, a certain number of men whose education shall fit them for the life of scholarship, or to become teachers or public officials.  But it is a very unhealthy thing for any country for more than a small proportion of the strongest and best minds of the country to turn into such channels.  It is essential also to develop industrialism, to train people so that they can be cultivators of the soil in the largest sense on as successful a scale as the most successful lawyer or public man, to train them so that they shall be engineers, merchants—­in short, men able to take the lead in all the various functions indispensable in a great modern civilized state.  An honest, courageous, and far-sighted politician is a good thing in any country.  But his usefulness will depend chiefly upon his being able to express the wishes of a population wherein the politician forms but a fragment of the leadership, where the business man