way, quite different from the way in which he would read prose.  Most poets aim rather at giving the musical effect, and the atmosphere, the vocal atmosphere, of the poem, than at emphasising individual meanings.  They give, in the musician’s sense, a “reading” of the poem, an interpretation of the poem as a composition.  Mr. Yeats thinks that this kind of reading can be stereotyped, so to speak, the pitch noted down in musical notes, and reproduced with the help of a simple stringed instrument.  By way of proof, Miss Farr repeated one of Mr. Yeats’ lyrics, as nearly as possible in the way in which Mr. Yeats himself is accustomed to say it.  She took the pitch from certain notes which she had written down, and which she struck on Mr. Dolmetsch’s psaltery.  Now Miss Farr has a beautiful voice, and a genuine feeling for the beauty of verse.  She said the lines better than most people would have said them, but, to be quite frank, did she say them so as to produce the effect Mr. Yeats himself produces whenever he repeats those lines?  The difference was fundamental.  The one was a spontaneous thing, profoundly felt; the other, a deliberate imitation in which the fixing of the notes made any personal interpretation, good or bad, impossible.

I admit that the way in which most actors speak verse is so deplorable that there is much to be said for a purely mechanical method, even if it should turn actors into little more than human phonographs.  Many actors treat verse as a slightly more stilted kind of prose, and their main aim in saying it is to conceal from the audience the fact that it is not prose.  They think of nothing but what they take to be the expression, and when they come to a passage of purely lyric quality they give it as if it were a quotation, having nothing to do with the rest of the speech.  Anything is better than this haphazard way of misdoing things, either M. Silvain’s oratory or the intoning into which Mr. Yeats’ method would almost certainly drift.  But I cannot feel that it is possible to do much good by a ready-made method of any kind.  Let the actor be taught how to breathe, how to articulate, let his voice be trained to express what he wants to express, and then let him be made to feel something of what verse means by being verse.  Let him, by all means, study one of Mr. Yeats’ readings, interpreted to him by means of notes; it will teach him to unlearn something and to learn something more.  But then let him forget his notes and Mr. Yeats’ method, if he is to make verse live on the stage.

GREAT ACTING IN ENGLISH