If a man can worm himself into a lucrative branch, he will use every method to keep another out.  All his powers may prove ineffectual; for if that other smells the sweet profits of the first, he will endeavour to worm himself in:  both may suffer by the contest, and the public be gainers.

The old companies, which we may justly consider the directors of a south sea bubble in miniature, sunk the price from 84_l_. to 56_l_.  Two inferences arise from this measure; that their profits were once very high, or are now very low; and, like some former monarchs, in the abuse of power, they repented one day too late.

Schemes are generally proclaimed, for public good! but as often meant, for private interest.—­This, however, varied from that rule, and seemed less calculated to benefit those immediately, than those remotely concerned:  they chose to sustain a smaller injury from making brass, than a greater from the makers.

PRISON.

If the subject is little, but little can be said upon it; I shall shine as dimly in this chapter on confinement, as in that on government.  The traveller who sets out lame, will probably limp through the journey.

Many of my friends have assured me, “That I must have experienced much trouble in writing the history of Birmingham.”  But I assure them in return, that I range those hours among the happiest of my life; and part of that happiness may consist in delineating the bright side of human nature.  Pictures of deformity, whether of body or of mind, disgust—­the more they approach towards beauty, the more they charm.

All the chapters which compose this work, were formed with pleasure, except the latter part of that upon births and burials; there, being forced to apply to the parish books, I figured with some obstruction.  Poor Allsop, full of good-nature and affliction, fearful lest I should sap the church, could not receive me with kindness.  When a man’s resources lie within himself, he draws at pleasure; but when necessity throws him upon the parish, he draws in small sums, and with difficulty.

I either have, or shall remark, for I know not in what nich I shall exhibit this posthumous chapter, drawn like one of our sluggish bills, three months after date, “That Birmingham does not abound in villainy, equal to some other places:  that the hand employed in business, has less time, and less temptation, to be employed in mischief; and that one magistrate alone, corrected the enormities of this numerous people, many years before I knew them, and twenty-five after.”  I add, that the ancient lords of Birmingham, among their manorial privileges, had the grant of a gallows, for capital punishment; but as there are no traces even of the name, in the whole manor, I am persuaded no such thing was ever erected, and perhaps the anvil prevented it.