and effect.  I explained as clearly as I could the Christian view of God, in his personality and as being the original and only source of all existence, whether of physical or of human nature.  He seemed to drink it all in and expressed his satisfaction at the close in the words, “Taihen ni man zoku shimashita,” “That is exceedingly satisfactory”; these words he repeated several times.  This is not my first personal proof of the fact that the idea of personality is not alien or incomprehensible to the Orient, nor even to a Buddhist priest, steeped in Buddhist speculation, provided the idea is clearly stated.

Before bringing to a close this discussion of the problem of personality in Japan, it would seem desirable to trace the history of the development of Japanese personality.  In view of all that has now been said, and not forgetting what was said as to the principles of National Evolution,[DA] this may be done in a paragraph.

The amalgamation of tribes, the development of large clans, and finally the establishment of the nation, with world-wide relations, has reacted on the individual members of the people, giving them larger and richer lives.  This constitutes one important element of personal development.  The subordination of individual will to that of the group, the desire and effort to live for the advantage, not of the individual self, but of the group, whether family, tribe, clan, nation, or the world, is not a limitation of personality.  On the contrary, it is its expansion and development.  Shinto and Japonicized Confucianism contributed powerful motives to this subordination, and thus to this personal development.  These were attended, however, by serious limitations in that they confined their attention to the upper and ruling classes.  The development of personality was thus extremely limited.  Buddhism contributed to the development of Japanese personality in so far as it taught Japanese the marvels revealed by introspection and self-victory.  Its contribution, however, was seriously hampered by defects already sufficiently emphasized.  Japan has developed personality to a high degree in a few and to a relatively low degree in the many.  The problem confronting New Japan is the development of a high degree of personality among the masses.  This is to be accomplished by the introduction of an individualistic social order.

One further topic demands our attention in closing.  What is the nature of personal heredity?  Is it biological and inherent, or, like all the characteristics of the Japanese people thus far studied, is personality transmitted by social heredity?  Distinguishing between intrinsic or inherent personality,[DB] which constitutes the original endowment differentiating man from animal, and extrinsic or acquired personality, which consists of the various forms in which the inherent personality has manifested itself in the different races of men and the different ages of “history, it is safe to say that the latter is transmitted according