XIX.  INTELLECTUALITY

Do Japanese lack the higher mental faculties?—­Evidence of inventions—­Testimony of foreign teachers—­Japanese students, at home and abroad—­Readiness in public speech—­Powers of generalization in primitive Japan—­“Ri” and “Ki,” “In” and “Yo”—­Japanese use of Chinese generalized philosophical terms—­Generalization and the social order—­Defective explanation of puerile Oriental science—­Relation to the mechanical memory method of education—­High intellectuality dependent on social order, 218

XX.  PHILOSOPHICAL ABILITY

Do Japanese lack philosophical ability?—­Some opinions—­Some distinctions—­Japanese interest in metaphysical problems—­Buddhist and Confucian metaphysics—­Metaphysics and ethics—­Japanese students of Occidental philosophy—­A personal experience—­“The little philosopher”—­A Buddhist priest—­Rarity of original philosophical ability and even interest—­Philosophical ability and the social order in the West, 225

XXI.  IMAGINATION

Some criticisms of Japanese mental traits—­Wide range of imaginative activity—­Some salient points—­Unbalanced imaginative development—­Prosaic matter-of-factness—­Visionariness—­Impractical idealism—­Illustrations—­An evangelist—­A principal—­Visionariness in Christian work—­Visionariness in national ambition—­Imagination and optimism—­Mr. Lowell’s opinion criticised—­Fancy and imagination—­Caricature—­Imagination and imitation—­Sociological interpretation of visionariness—­And of prosaic matter-of-factness—­Communalism and the higher mental powers—­Suppression of the constructive imagination—­Racial intellectual characteristics are social rather than inherent, 233

XXII.  MORAL IDEALS

Loyalty and filial piety as moral ideals—­Quotations from an ancient moralist, Muro Kyuso—­On the heavenly origin of moral teaching—­On self-control—­Knowledge comes through obedience—­On the impurity of ancient literature—­On the ideal of the samurai in relation to trade—­Old Japan combined statute and ethical law—­“The testament of Iyeyasu”—­Ohashi’s condemnation of Western learning for its impiety—­Japanese moral ideals were communal—­Truthfulness undeveloped—­Relations of samurai to tradesman—­The business standards are changing with the social order—­Ancient Occidental contempt for trade—­Plato and Aristotle, 249

XXIII.  MORAL IDEALS (Continued)