[Footnote 96:  F.O., Am., Vol. 778, No. 26.  April 24, 1861.]

[Footnote 97:  Russell Papers.]

[Footnote 98:  Russell Papers.  Lyons to Russell, March 26, 1861.  Printed in Newton, Lord Lyons, Vol.  I., p. 31.]

[Footnote 99:  Ibid.]

[Footnote 100:  Russell Papers.]

[Footnote 101:  Lyons Papers.]

[Footnote 102:  U.S.  Messages and Documents, 1861-2, pp, 80-81.]

[Footnote 103:  F.O., Am., Vol. 754, No. 79.  Russell to Lyons, April 6, 1861.]

[Footnote 104:  Lyons Papers, Russell to Lyons, April 6, 1861.]

[Footnote 105:  The Times, February 26, 1861.]

[Footnote 106:  London Press, March 30, 1861, Cited in Littell’s Living Age, Vol. 69, p. 379.]

[Footnote 107:  The Times, March 26, 1861.]

[Footnote 108:  Saturday Review, May 11, 1861, pp. 465-6.]

[Footnote 109:  Economist, May 4, 1861.]

[Footnote 110:  Examiner, January 5 and (as quoted) April 27, 1861.  Cited in Littell’s Living Age, Vol. 68, p. 758 and Vol. 69, p. 570.]

[Footnote 111:  Spectator, April 27, 1861.]

[Footnote 112:  Ibid., May 4, 1861.]

[Footnote 113:  These four publications, the Spectator, the Westminster, the Daily News, and the Morning Star, were the principal British pro-Northern organs.  In addition The Liberator names among the lesser and provincial press the following:  Nonconformist, British Standard, Dial, Birmingham Post, Manchester Examiner, Newcastle Chronicle, Caledonian Mercury and Belfast Whig.  Duffus, “English Opinion,” p. 40.]

[Footnote 114:  Godkin had joined the staff of the Daily News in 1853.  During the Crimea War he was special war correspondent.  He had travelled extensively in America in the late ’fifties and was thoroughly well informed.  From 1862 to 1865 his letters to the Daily News were of great value in encouraging the British friends of the North.  In 1865 Godkin became editor of the New York Nation.]

[Footnote 115:  W.E.  Forster said of her, “It was Harriet Martineau alone who was keeping English opinion about America on the right side through the Press.”  The Daily News Jubilee Edition, p. 46.]

[Footnote 116:  James, William Wetmore Story and His Friends, Vol.  II, p. 92.]

[Footnote 117:  Moncure D. Conway’s Autobiography asserts that two-thirds of the English authors “espoused the Union cause, some of them actively—­Professor Newman, Mill, Tom Hughes, Sir Charles Lyell, Huxley, Tyndall, Swinburne, Lord Houghton, Cairns, Fawcett, Frederic Harrison, Leslie Stephen, Allingham, the Rossettis,” Vol.  I, p. 406.  This is probably true of ultimate, though not of initial, interest and attitude.  But for many writers their published works give no clue to their opinions on the Civil War—­as for example the works of Dickens, Thackeray, William Morris, or Ruskin.  See Duffus, “English Opinion,” p. 103.]