[Footnote 863:  Hansard, 3rd Ser., CXLV, p. 387, Feb. 17, 1862.]

[Footnote 864:  Pierce, Sumner, IV, pp. 41-48, and 63-69.]

[Footnote 865:  Raymond, Life, Public Services and State Papers of Abraham Lincoln, p. 243.]

[Footnote 866:  Ibid., pp. 229-32.]

[Footnote 867:  Ibid., p. 233, May 19, 1862.]

[Footnote 868:  A Bill was in fact introduced July 16, 1862, on the lines of Lincoln’s “pecuniary aid” proposal of July 12, but no action was taken on it.]

[Footnote 869:  Welles, Diary, I, pp. 70-71.]

[Footnote 870:  Abraham Lincoln, Complete Works, II, p. 213.]

[Footnote 871:  Rhodes, IV, pp. 71-2.]

[Footnote 872:  As issued September 22, the first paragraph refers to his plan of securing legislation to aid compensated voluntary emancipation, the next sets the date January 1, 1863, for completed emancipation of slaves in states still in rebellion and the remaining paragraphs concern the carrying out of the confiscation law.  Lincoln, Complete Works, II, pp. 237-8.]

[Footnote 873:  Raymond, State Papers of Lincoln, 260-61.]

[Footnote 874:  Rhodes, IV, p. 214.]

[Footnote 875:  Ibid., p. 410.  In letter, August 26, 1863, addressed to a Springfield mass meeting of “unconditional Union men.”]

[Footnote 876:  American Hist.  Rev., XVIII, pp. 784-7.  Bunch to Russell, Dec. 5, 1860.]

[Footnote 877:  Southern Commissioners abroad early reported that recognition of independence and commercial treaties could not be secured unless the South would agree to “mutual right of search” treaties for the suppression of the African Slave Trade.  Davis’ answer was that the Confederate constitution gave him no authority to negotiate such a treaty; indeed, denied him that authority since the constitution itself prohibited the importation of negroes from Africa.  For Benjamin’s instructions see Bigelow, Retrospections, I, pp. 591-96.]

[Footnote 878:  Spectator, May 4, 1861.]

[Footnote 879:  Sept. 6, 1861.  In Mass.  Hist.  Soc. Proceedings, Vol.  XLVI, p. 95.]

[Footnote 880:  Sept. 14, 1861.]

[Footnote 881:  October 5, 1861.]

[Footnote 882:  Lyons Papers.  To Lyons, Oct. 26, 1861.]

[Footnote 883:  Ibid., To Lyons, Nov. 2, 1861.  The same ideas are officially expressed by Russell to Lyons, March 7, 1861, and May 1, 1862. (F.O., Am., Vol. 818, No. 104, Draft; and Ibid., Vol. 819, No. 197, Draft.).]

[Footnote 884:  See ante, p. 81.]

[Footnote 885:  U.S.  Messages and Documents, 1862-3, Pt.  I, p. 65.]

[Footnote 886:  Ashley, Palmerston, II, p. 227.  Palmerston to Russell, Aug. 13, 1862.]

[Footnote 887:  Garrison, Garrison, IV, p. 66.  Many distinguished names were on the roster of the Society—­Mill, Bright, Cobden, Lord Houghton, Samuel Lucas, Forster, Goldwin Smith, Justin McCarthy, Thomas Hughes, Cairns, Herbert Spencer, Francis Newman, the Rev. Newman Hall, and others.  Frederick W. Chesson was secretary, and very active in the work.]