[Footnote 838:  Parliamentary Papers, 1832, Commons, Vol.  LXXII, “Correspondence relating to the Civil War in the United States of North America.”  Nos. 47 and 50.  Received Nov. 30 and Dec. 11.  Mercier, who had been Stuart’s informant about political conditions in New York, felt that he had been deceived by the Democrats.  F.O., Am., Vol. 784, No. 38.  Confidential, Lyons to Russell, Jan. 13, 1863.]

[Footnote 839:  F.O., Am., Vol. 840, No. 518.  Moore (Richmond) to Lyons, Dec. 4, 1862.  Also F.O., Am., Vol. 844, No. 135.  Bunch (Charleston) to Russell, Dec. 13, 1862.  Bunch wrote of the “Constitutional hatred and jealousy of England, which are as strongly developed here as at the North.  Indeed, our known antipathy to Slavery adds another element to Southern dislike.”]

[Footnote 840:  Bigelow, Retrospections, I, 579, Dec. 2, 1862.  Bigelow was Consul-General at Paris, and was the most active of the Northern confidential agents abroad.  A journalist himself, he had close contacts with the foreign press.  It is interesting that he reported the Continental press as largely dependent for its American news and judgments upon the British press which specialized in that field, so that Continental tone was but a reflection of the British tone. Ibid., p. 443.  Bigelow to Seward, Jan. 7, 1862.]

[Footnote 841:  Lyons placed a high estimate on Adams’ abilities.  He wrote:  “Mr. Adams shows more calmness and good sense than any of the American Ministers abroad.” (Russell Papers.  To Russell, Dec. 12, 1862.)]

[Footnote 842:  Russell Papers.  Lyons to Russell, Dec. 22. 1862.]

[Footnote 843:  Lyons Papers.  Russell to Lyons, Jan. 3, 1863.]

[Footnote 844:  December 1, Brunow related an interview in which Russell expressed his “satisfaction” that England and Russia were in agreement that the moment was not opportune for a joint offer to the United States.  Russell also stated that it was unfortunate France had pressed her proposal without a preliminary confidential sounding and understanding between the Powers; the British Government saw no reason for changing its attitude. (Russian Archives.  Brunow to F.O., Dec. 1, 1862 (N.S.), No. 1998.) There is no evidence in the despatch that Brunow knew of Russell’s preliminary “soundings” of France.]

[Footnote 845:  Various writers have treated Roebuck’s motion in 1863 as the “crisis” of intervention.  In Chapter XIV the error of this will be shown.]

CHAPTER XII

THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION