[Footnote 684:  Ibid., p. 442.]

[Footnote 685:  e.g., The Times, Sept. 19, 1861.]

[Footnote 686:  To Sumner, Nov. 20, 1861.  Mass Hist.  Soc. Proceedings, XLVI, p. 97.]

[Footnote 687:  Ibid., Jan. 11, 1862.  Vol.  XLV, p. 157.]

[Footnote 688:  F.O., Am., Vol. 843.  No. 85.  Bunch to Russell, June 25, 1862.  He reported a general burning of cotton estimating the amount so destroyed as nearly one million bales.]

[Footnote 689:  Rhodes, III, p. 503, leaves the impression that England was at first unanimous in attributing the cotton disaster to the War.  Also, IV, p. 77.  I think this an error.  It was the general public belief but not that of the well informed.  Rhodes, Vol.  IV, p. 364, says that it was not until January, 1863, that it was “begun to be understood” that famine was not wholly caused by the War, but partly by glut.]

[Footnote 690:  Hansard, 3d.  Ser., CLXVI, pp. 1490-1520.  Debate on “The Distress in the Manufacturing Districts.”  The principal speakers were Egerton, Potter, Villiers and Bright.  Another debate on “The Cotton Supply” took place June 19, 1862, with no criticism of America. Ibid., CLXVII, pp. 754-93.]

[Footnote 691:  See ante, p. 12.]

[Footnote 692:  Gladstone Papers.]

[Footnote 693:  F.O., Am., Vol. 843.  No. 73.  Bunch to Russell, May 12, 1862.  A description of these orders as inclusive of “foreign owned” cotton of which Bunch asserted a great stock had been purchased and stored, waiting export, by British citizens.  Molyneaux at Savannah made a similar report. Ibid., Vol. 849.  No. 16.  To Russell, May 10, 1862.]

[Footnote 694:  Bancroft, Seward, II, pp. 214-18.]

[Footnote 695:  Arnold, Cotton Famine, p. 228, quotes a song in the “improvised schoolrooms” of Ashton where operatives were being given a leisure-time education.  One verse was: 

     “Our mules and looms have now ceased work, the Yankees are
     the cause.  But we will let them fight it out and stand by
     English laws; No recognizing shall take place, until the war
     is o’er; Our wants are now attended to, we cannot ask for
     more.”
]

[Footnote 696:  Hansard, 3rd.  Ser., CLXVII, p. 1213.]

[Footnote 697:  Parliamentary Papers, 1862, Lords, Vol.  XXV.  “Further Correspondence relating to the Civil War in the United States.”  No. 1.  Reed.  June 21, 1862.]

[Footnote 698:  Mason Papers.]

[Footnote 699:  Thouvenel, Le Secret de l’Empereur, II, 352.  The exact length of Thouvenel’s stay in London is uncertain, but he had arrived by July 10 and was back in Paris by July 21.  The text of the telegram is in a letter to Flahault of July 26, in which Thouvenel shows himself very averse to any move which may lead to war with America, “an adventure more serious than that of Mexico” (Ibid., p. 353).]