[Footnote 551:  Russell Papers.  To Russell.  Lyons thought France also included in these demonstrations.]

[Footnote 552:  A Cycle of Adams’ Letters, I, 113.  Henry Adams to Charles Francis Adams, Jr., Feb. 14, 1862.]

[Footnote 553:  Ibid., p. 115.  To his son, Feb. 21, 1862.]

[Footnote 554:  Lyons Papers.  March 1, 1862.]

[Footnote 555:  A Cycle of Adams’ Letters, I, 123.  To his son.]

[Footnote 556:  Palmerston MS. Feb. 9, 1862.]

[Footnote 557:  Bernard, p. 245.  The author agrees with Russell but adds that Great Britain, in the early stages of the blockade, was indulgent to the North, and rightly so considering the difficulties of instituting it.]

[Footnote 558:  He wrote to Mason on February 10, 1863, that he saw “no reason to qualify the language employed in my despatch to Lord Lyons of the 15th of February last.” (Bernard, p. 293).]

[Footnote 559:  Richardson, Messages and Papers of the Confederacy, II, p. 155.  Yancey and Mann to Hunter, Jan. 27, 1862.]

[Footnote 560:  Mason, Mason, pp. 257-8, Jan. 30, 1862.]

[Footnote 561:  Mason Papers.  Feb. 5, 1862.]

[Footnote 562:  Mann sent this “confidential memorandum” to Jefferson Davis, Feb. 1, 1862 (Richardson, II, 160).  There is no indication of how he obtained it.  It was a fake pure and simple.  To his astonishment Slidell soon learned from Thouvenel that France knew nothing of such a memorandum.  It was probably sold to Mann by some enterprising “Southern friend” in need of money.]

[Footnote 563:  Mason, Mason, p. 258.  Mason to Hunter, Feb. 7, 1862.]

[Footnote 564:  Ibid., pp. 260-62.  Mason’s despatch No. 4.  Feb. 22, 1862. (This despatch is not given by Richardson.) Slidell was more warmly received by Thouvenel.  He followed the same line of argument and apparently made a favourable impression.  Cowley reported Thouvenel, after the interview, as expressing himself as “hoping that in two or three months matters would have reached such a crisis in America that both parties would be willing to accept a Mediation....”

(F.O., France., Vol. 1432.  No. 132.  Confidential.  Cowley to Russell, Feb. 10, 1862.)]

[Footnote 565:  Mason Papers.  Spence to Mason, Feb. 13, 1862.  This was that James Spence, author of The American Union, a work strongly espousing the Southern cause.  This book was not only widely read in England but portions of it were translated into other languages for use on the Continent.  Spence was a manufacturer and trader and also operated in the Liverpool Cotton Exchange.  He made a strong impression on Mason, was early active in planning and administering Southern cotton loans in England, and was in constant touch with Mason.  By Slidell he was much less favourably regarded and the impression created by his frequent letters to Mason is that of a man of second-rate calibre elated by the prominent part he seemed to be playing in what he took to be the birth of a new State.]