[Footnote 328:  Newton, Lord Lyons, I, p. 48.  In the same view Russell wrote to Lyons, August 16.  “The defeat of Manassas or Bull’s Run seems to me to show a great want of zeal.  For I cannot believe the descendants of the men of 1776 and indeed of 1815 to be totally wanting in courage.”  (Lyons Papers.)]

[Footnote 329:  Motley, Correspondence, II, p. 31.  August 20, 1861.]

[Footnote 330:  Gladstone Papers, August 29, 1861.]

[Footnote 331:  Economist, Aug. 17, 1861.]

[Footnote 332:  Morning Star, Sept. 10, 1861.]

[Footnote 333:  John Bull, Sept. 14, 1861.]

[Footnote 334:  To be discussed fully in Chapter XVIII.]

[Footnote 335:  Sept. 13, 1861.  Dasent, Delane, II, p. 34.]

[Footnote 336:  Darwin to Asa Gray, Sept. 17 and Dec. 11, 1861.  Cited in Rhodes, III, p. 510.]

[Footnote 337:  Spectator, Sept. 14, 1861.]

[Footnote 338:  Saturday Review, Sept. 14, 1861.]

[Footnote 339:  Spectator, Sept. 21, 1861.]

[Footnote 340:  Daily News, Sept. 17 and Oct. 10, 1861.  The statement is in reply to an article in the Times of October 9, arguing that even if the South were regarded as in the wrong, they had ten millions, a fact that was conclusive.]

[Footnote 341:  The Daily News Jubilee.  By Justin McCarthy and John E. Robinson, pp. 69-77.]

[Footnote 342:  Spectator, Sept. 28, 1861.]

[Footnote 343:  Saturday Review, Nov. 2, 1861.]

[Footnote 344:  Ibid., Nov. 16.  Spence’s book rapidly went through many editions, was widely read, and furnished the argument for many a pro-Southern editorial.  Spence himself soon became the intimate friend and adviser of Mason, the Confederate envoy to England.]

[Footnote 345:  Ibid., Nov. 23, 1861.  The inference from Bernard’s la guage is perhaps permissible, but not inevitable.]

[Footnote 346:  Motley, Correspondence, II, p. 37.  To his mother, Oct. 18, 1861.]

[Footnote 347:  See ante, Ch.  V.]

[Footnote 348:  Parliamentary Papers, 1862, Lords, Vol.  XXV.  “Correspondence respecting International Maritime Law.”  No. 21 and Inclosure.  Belligny was in fact the French agent at Charleston who acted with Bunch.]

[Footnote 349:  F.O., Am., Vol. 768.  No. 392.  Lyons to Russell, Aug. 2, 1861.  It is interesting to note that fourteen days were here required to transmit a letter that in ordinary times would have reached its destination in two days.  Lyons states that he does not intend to inform Mercier of Russell’s attempted recall of instructions.]

[Footnote 350:  F.O., Am., Vol. 767.  No. 324.  Inclosure No. 2.  Private.  Lyons to Bunch, July 5, 1861.  Bunch in reporting to Lyons, also used the word “negotiation.”]

[Footnote 351:  When Davis proclaimed privateering Bunch had thought this indicated a “low morality” and that Southern privateers would be in reality pirates.  F.O., Am., Vol. 763.  Inclosure in No. 162.  Bunch to Russell, April 18, 1861.]