At the time that Renwick united with the Society People, they were destitute of a public ministry.  Cargill and Cameron had sealed their testimony with their blood.  The Churches were either filled with Episcopal curates, or by time-serving Presbyterian ministers, who had accepted the indulgence flowing from the royal supremacy.  By an act of Parliament passed in 1672 against “unlawful ordinations,” the way to the ministry was barred against all who could not accept Prelatical ordination.  The Societies, having organized a general correspondence, earnestly desired a stated ministry, while they manifested the strictest regard to scriptural order.  Animated by a noble public spirit, they selected James Renwick and two other young men, and sent them to complete their studies for the ministry in Holland, then renowned for its theological Seminaries, where deep sympathy was manifested for the suffering Church of Scotland.  He studied at the university of Groningen, where some of the most distinguished theologians in Europe occupied professorial Chairs.  Studying in the spirit of entire devotedness, and actuated by an earnest desire to return to Scotland, where there was pressing need for faithful ministerial services, he made such proficiency, that in a short time, he was fully qualified to receive ordination.  According to the usage of the Dutch Church, he was ordained at Groningen, by a Classis or Presbytery of learned and godly ministers, who evinced their catholic spirit by yielding to his request to allow him to subscribe the standards of the Church of Scotland, instead of their own formula.  There was remarkable evidence of God’s gracious presence being enjoyed in the solemn service.—­It has been appropriately said, that as the conflicts of the German reformation were acted over by Luther in his cloister, before he was called to his public work, so the struggles of the covenanted cause in Scotland, were first engaged in by Renwick in his retirement and solitary chamber in Groningen.  There he clearly foresaw the conflicts and trials that awaited him; and in near communion with God, he yielded himself up as an entire self-sacrifice, anticipating the blessed recompense of the reward.  In the early Pagan persecutions, the church was sometimes symbolically represented by an ox with a plough on the one side, and an altar on the other, with the inscription, “Ready for either”—­prepared for work or slaughter.  Such was the spirit of Renwick, as he looked forward to the work that lay before him in his native land.  In a letter written from Holland at this time, he says, “My longings and earnest desire to be in that land, and with the pleasant remnant, are very great.  I cannot tell what may be in it, but I hope the Lord hath either some work to work, or else is minded presently to call for a testimony at my hand.  If He give me frame and furniture, I desire to welcome either of them.”